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草业学报  2015 

陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015009, PP. 12-20

Keywords: 苜蓿-作物轮作,土壤容重,土壤饱和导水率,土壤团聚体稳定性

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Abstract:

本研究通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作系统的长期定位试验,探讨了不同轮作模式对土壤物理性质的影响。6种轮作模式包括:苜蓿-苜蓿(L-L)、苜蓿-休闲(L-F)、苜蓿-小麦(L-W)、苜蓿-玉米(L-C)、苜蓿-马铃薯(L-P)和苜蓿-谷子(L-M)。结果表明,不同轮作模式下耕层土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤饱和导水率、土壤渗吸率、宏观毛管长度和有效孔径差异显著,苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤团聚体稳定性有一定影响,但不明显。L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式的土壤容重比L-L模式分别降低了6.86%,7.69%,6.22%,9.29%与10.17%。土壤渗吸率在L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式下分别比L-L模式提高了1.19,2.31,0.25,0.66和0.75倍,宏观毛管长度分别提高了3.73,2.92,1.49,2.62和1.15倍,有效孔径分别降低了79.43%,72.99%,56.71%,69.41%和56.35%,L-F、L-W和L-M模式土壤饱和导水率分别比L-L模式提高了0.32,1.52和0.33倍。轮作对土壤团聚体的影响主要表现在0~10cm和10~30cm的土层,其中L-C模式显著增加了土壤大团聚体含量,且增大了平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值,提高了土壤的机械稳定性,L-P模式次之,但轮作在一定程度上降低了土壤水稳性团聚体的含量,L-F、L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M模式比L-L模式分别降低了33.44%,23.08%,7.36%,27.09%和20.29%。说明在黄土高原半干旱区,轮作有助于形成良好的土壤结构,改善土壤的渗透性能,促进土壤物理质量的提高。

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