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草业学报  2015 

水分胁迫下雌雄异株植物葎草繁殖策略的可塑性调节

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20150324, PP. 226-232

Keywords: 有性生殖,花药,花粉,生活史,生殖分配

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Abstract:

研究雌雄异株草本植物应对环境胁迫的繁殖策略及生殖分配可塑性,对发展雌雄异株植物的生活史进化理论和该类植物资源保护利用具有重要意义。实验以葎草为材料,通过设置轻度(LS)、中度(MS)、重度(RS)水分胁迫梯度,研究雌、雄单株的花芽分化、生物量分配、花穗性状、花药(或子房)数、花粉数及活力等与生殖生长相关的可塑性。结果表明:1)葎草通过提前花芽分化应对水分胁迫,雄株先于雌株进入生殖生长(P<0.01)。2)雄株增加生殖分配应对LS胁迫,雌株减少花穗生物量应对水分胁迫;在RS胁迫时雄株的生殖分配为雌株的近3倍。3)葎草通过减少花穗数应对胁迫,雄株显著增加单个花穗的小花数来应对轻中度缺水(P<0.05),雌株则减少开花频次降低水分胁迫下生殖能量消耗。4)轻中度水分胁迫对雌株子房宽度无显著影响;中重度胁迫虽使雄株显著缩短了花药长度、减少了单个花药的花粉数(P<0.05),但花粉大小、花粉活性受影响较小。5)雄株花穗的POD和SOD活性显著高于雌株,雄株对水分胁迫更加敏感。在水分胁迫下,葎草在生存和防御功能稳定的基础上,可以通过协调分配有限资源,实现有性繁殖来完成草本植物较为短暂的生活史。

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