Thompson K. Seed and seed banks. New Phytologist, 1987, 106: 23-34.
[2]
Gross K, Smith A. Seed mass and emergence time effects on performance of Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. across environments. Oecologia, 1991, 87(2): 270-278.
[3]
Peco B, Lopez M, Alvir M. Survival and germination of Mediterranean grassland species after simulated sheep ingestion: ecological correlates with seed traits. Acta Oecologica, 2006, 30(2): 269-275.
[4]
Yu X J, Xu C L, Wang F, et al . Recovery and germinability of seeds ingested by yaks and Tibetan sheep could have important effects on the population dynamics of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The Rangeland Journal, 2012, 34(3): 249-255.
[5]
Yu Y, Toshiya O, Bayarbaatar, et al . Spatial pattern of grazing affects influence of herbivores on spatial heterogeneity of plants and soils. Oecologia, 2009, 162(2): 427-434.
[6]
Bram D, Maurice H. A reassessment of the role of simple seed traits in mortality following herbivore ingestion. Plant Biology, 2010, 13(1): 118-124.
[7]
Zhang S T, Du G Z, Chen J K. The present situation and prospect of studies on evolutionary ecology of seed size variation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(2): 353-364.
[8]
Song Y G, Li L, Deng M, et al . Responses of the germination on dimorphic seeds of Suaeda aralocaspica to salt stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 192-198.
[9]
Wang X Y, Gao R, Zhou X Q, et al . Fruit-set patterns and burial mechanism for subterranean dispersal units of Ceratocarpus arenarius . Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 352-357.
[10]
Yan Q L, Liu Z M, Li X H, et al . Effects of burial on seed germination characteristics of 65 plant species on Horqin semi-arid steppe. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(4): 777-782.
[11]
Smith C C, Fretwell S D. The optimal balance between size and number of offspring. The American Naturalist, 1974, 108(962): 499-506.
[12]
Zhang H X, Zhou D W. Research on seed germination ecology. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(1): 131-133.
[13]
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 141(4): 399-436.
[14]
Guo X M, Xu X Y, Meng X D, et al . Bourgeon characteristics of hardseed of Alibizia julibr issin durazz and its testa micro-morphology and structure. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006, 27(3): 13-18.
[15]
Song M F, Liu H L, Zhang D Y, et al . Screening and comparison on myxospermy of 120 species occurring on the Junggar Desert. Journal of Desert Research, 2009, 29(6): 1134-1140.
[16]
Xu P. The Grassland Resources and Its Utilization in Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology and Health Press, 1993.
[17]
Zhao W Y. Deterioration, causes and control strategies of grassland resources in Xinjiang, China. Pratacultural Science, 2002, 19(2): 19-22.
[18]
Thompson K B, Band S R, Hodgson J G. Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology, 1993, 7(2): 236-241.
[19]
Han J G. Grassland Science[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007.
[20]
State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB/T 3543.4-1995. Rules for the inspection of the national standard of the People’s Republic of China crop seed germination test[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 1995.
[21]
Zhang J N, Liu K. Mechanisms for plants detecting the optimum time and place to germinate. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 328-338.
[22]
Yi Z D, Mou Z. Study of arid and semi arid area of main arbor and shrub seed morphological characters and physiological and ecological characteristics. Gansu Forestry Science and Technology, 1990, 2: 16-20.
[23]
Hu H F, Li Q F. A study on germination characters with hydration-dehydration treatment in five grass species. Grassland of China, 2001, 23(3): 49-54.
[24]
Zhang G H, He X L. Water-absorbing and germinating characteristics of eight species from Seriphidium (Bess.) Poljak. seeds. Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 28(5): 536-541.
[25]
Aygul, Tursunay, Halida, et al . Studies on relationship between the natural seed coat and moisture of Seriphidium transiliense . Arid Zone Research, 2000, 17(4): 54-56.
[26]
Huang Z Y, Gutterman Y. Comparison of germination strategies of Artemisia ordosica with its two congenera from deserts of China and Israel. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2000, 42(1): 71-80.
[27]
Huang Z Y, Gutterman Y, Hu Z H, et al . Seed germination in Artemisia sphaerocephala I. the structure and function of the mucilaginous achene. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, 25(1): 22-28.
[28]
Leishman M R, Westoby M. Seed size and shape are not related to persistence in soil in Australia in the same way as in Britain. Functional Ecology, 1998, 12(3): 480-485.
[29]
Grmie J P. Plant Strategies, Vegetation Processes, and Ecosystem Properties[M]. UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2001.
[30]
Zhao X F, Xu H L, Li Y, et al . Comparison of diaspore shape, size, and mass of main desert plants in the lower reaches of Tarim River of Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(3): 411-416.
[31]
Zong W J, Liu K, Bu H Y, et al . The mode of seed size variation and the effects of seed size on fifty-one species of composite plants in a alpine meadow. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2006, 42(5): 52-55.
[32]
Zhang L, Zhang C H, Lv J P, et al . Seed germination characteristics and their correlations with seed sizes of 31 common weeds in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(10): 2115-2121.
[33]
Traveset A, Verdú M. A meta-analysis of effect of gut treatment on seed germination. Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation[C]. Wallingford: CABE, 2001: 339-350.
