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草业学报  2011 

绞股蓝皂甙对体外瘤胃微生物甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响

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Keywords: 绞股蓝皂甙,瘤胃微生物,甲烷,体外,发酵特性

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Abstract:

利用体外产气量法研究绞股蓝皂甙对山羊瘤胃微生物体外甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响。试验包括2个部分,试验一研究了绞股蓝皂甙对瘤胃微生物甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响,试验二分析绞股蓝皂甙对瘤胃微生物发酵动力学参数的影响。试验以0.42g羊草+0.126g玉米+0.054g豆粕为发酵底物,60mL培养基中的绞股蓝皂甙添加量分别为0(对照),5,10,20和40mg,发酵24h。与对照组比较,发酵8h,各处理组甲烷浓度显著下降(P<0.05),分别下降30.20%,43.49%,44.67%和75.8%;12h,20mg组显著下降(P<0.05),40mg组极显著下降(P<0.01),处理组甲烷浓度分别下降6.97%,9.63%,18.90%和61.82%;24h,10mg组显著下降(P<0.05),40mg组极显著下降(P<0.01),处理组甲烷浓度分别下降2.34%,9.39%,6.90%和20.73%,甲烷浓度与皂甙剂量之间有极显著的线性效应(P<0.01)。10mg组的氢利用率极显著低于对照组,其他试验组无显著变化。10mg组显著提高了TVFA及乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸和支链脂肪酸浓度(P<0.05),40mg组丁酸的浓度极显著下降(P<0.01)。10mg组和20mg组乙丙比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着皂甙剂量增加,乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、支链脂肪酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度及乙丙比呈显著或极显著的二次方效应,丁酸同时具有极显著的线性效应。处理组原虫数量显著(P<0.05)或极显著下降(P<0.01)(40mg组),且与皂甙剂量间存在极显著的线性和二次方效应(P<0.01)。微生物蛋白含量没有显著变化,但呈上升趋势。10mg组和40mg组的氨态氮浓度显著升高(P<0.05),氨态氮浓度与皂甙剂量之间有显著的线性效应(P<0.05)。高剂量绞股蓝皂甙降低了微生物发酵的理论与实际产气量,并呈显著的线性和二次方效应,产气速率与皂甙剂量之间有着显著的线性效应。以上结果表明绞股蓝皂甙能改变瘤胃微生物发酵模式,降低瘤胃微生物的甲烷产量,提高VFA的产量,有利于饲料能量的利用,同时缓解甲烷对大气环境的污染。

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