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草业学报  2012 

碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗生长、光合特性对不同盐度的响应

, PP. 64-74

Keywords: 碱蓬,三角叶滨藜,幼苗,耐盐性,光合特性

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Abstract:

为了探讨碱蓬和三角叶滨藜对不同盐度的响应机制,采用砂培试验,用含不同浓度NaCl的Hoagland营养液处理其幼苗30d,分析其生物量、株高、含水量(WC)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、Chl/Car、Chla/Chlb、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔限制值(Ls)的变化。结果表明,1)和对照(不加NaCl)相比,低盐(100mmol/LNaCl)显著提高碱蓬幼苗的干重(DW)、株高和地上部WC,三角叶滨藜的株高不受明显影响,而其地上部DW和WC显著下降;中盐(400mmol/LNaCl)胁迫下,碱蓬株高、地上部DW和WC无显著变化,而三角叶滨藜地上部DW和WC显著下降;高盐(800mmol/LNaCl)下,两植物DW和含水量均明显降低,且碱蓬干重和含水量的降幅要显著低于三角叶滨藜。2)低盐对两植物的Chl含量没有明显影响,随着盐度的增加,其Chl含量均显著下降,碱蓬Chl含量的降幅显著大于三角叶滨藜。低盐明显提高碱蓬叶片的Car含量,但是不影响三角叶滨藜叶片的Car含量,随着盐度的增加,两植物的Car含量均显著下降,碱蓬Car含量的降幅显著大于三角叶滨藜的。随着NaCl浓度增加,两植物的Chla/Chlb均逐渐上升,而对三角叶滨藜的Chl/Car影响也不显著,但是随着盐度的增加,碱蓬叶片Chl/Car呈先降低后升高的趋势。3)100mmol/LNaCl处理显著提高碱蓬的Pn、Gs和Tr,但显著降低三角叶滨藜的Pn、Gs和Tr,随着盐度的进一步增加,二者的Pn、Tr、Gs均显著下降,其中碱蓬Pn、Tr的降幅要显著低于三角叶滨藜的。随着盐度的增加,碱蓬Ci逐渐显著下降;而随着盐度增加,三角叶滨藜的Ci呈先降低、再升高的趋势,800mmol/LNaCl处理的Ci显著高于对照。4)碱蓬生物量与Tr、Pn、地上部WC、Car含量、根WC、Gs、根冠比、株高、Chl含量、Ci有极显著的正相关,而与Chl/Car、Ls呈极显著负相关,与WUE显著负相关;三角叶滨藜生物量与地上部WC、Chl含量、Pn、Car含量、Tr、Gs、根WC、株高呈极显著正相关,与Chla/Chlb呈极显著负相关。综上所述,碱蓬和三角叶滨藜幼苗具有高度的耐盐性,且前者的耐盐性高于后者,主要是因为高盐下前者维持更高的光合效率和水分利用效率;Tr、Pn和地上部WC可优先作为评价碱蓬耐盐性的指标,而可作为优先评价三角叶滨藜耐盐性的指标为地上部WC、Chl含量和Pn;高盐下碱蓬Pn的下降主要是气孔限制的结果,而三角叶滨藜Pn下降则主要是由于非气孔限制导致的。

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