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草业学报  2013 

蚕茧草的繁殖生物学研究

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130326

Keywords: 蚕茧草,异型花柱,微形态,访花者

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Abstract:

首次详细报道了蚕茧草的异型花柱现象,研究表明,除了其雄蕊、柱头高度有二型性外,其花瓣大小、柱头形态、花粉粒大小、数量和种子质量也表现出明显的二态性。与短柱花相比,长柱花有较大的花瓣,其柱头有稀而高的柱头突起,其花药产生较多而直径较小的花粉粒。扫描电镜显示,长、短柱花的种子均卵形,无喙突,具有拟脑状纹饰;长、短柱花的花粉均为球形,具散孔,孔近圆形,边缘不规则,通过其花粉和种子微形态的观察,可将其划分为春蓼组。野外调查发现蚂蚁常常是其访花者。通过对其野生居群的型比调查发现在野外蚕茧草往往为单型居群,并通过对不同居群座果率的统计发现长柱花的结实率较大。根据其繁育系统特征,对其传粉适应方式进行了探讨。

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