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草业学报  2015 

生物肥部分替代化肥对花椰菜产量、品质、光合特性及肥料利用率的影响

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20150107, PP. 47-55

Keywords: 花椰菜,生物肥,产量,品质,光合特性,肥料利用率

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Abstract:

高原夏季蔬菜生产面临着化肥过量使用导致的蔬菜品质下降、肥料利用率低和地下水污染等问题,通过研究生物肥部分替代化肥,探讨生物肥的增效作用、替代量和肥料利用率,为菜田合理施肥与提高蔬菜品质提供科学依据。采用随机区组试验,设不施肥(CK)、100%常规施肥(100CF)、80%常规施肥(80CF)、60%常规施肥(60CF)、100%常规施肥+生物肥(100CFB)、80%常规施肥+生物肥(80CFB)、60%常规施肥+生物肥(60CFB)7个处理,研究了化肥配施生物肥对花椰菜产量、品质、养分分配、肥料利用率及光合特性的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,配施生物肥可显著提高花椰菜花球单重,同时提高了氮、磷、钾肥利用率及其吸收量;与100%常规施肥相比,化肥减施20%配施生物肥提高了花球产量,而化肥减施40%配施生物肥显著降低了花球产量,化肥减量配施生物肥显著降低了花球硝酸盐含量,显著提高了花球维生素C和可溶性糖含量;以80CFB处理氮肥利用率和功能叶吸氮量最高,100CF处理花球吸氮量最高,易造成硝酸盐的积累;配施生物肥增加了叶片净光合速率和气孔导度,减小了叶片胞间CO2浓度。因此,适当减施化肥配施生物肥(80%常规施肥+生物肥)在不影响花椰菜产量的同时,能够显著改善花椰菜的品质、提高肥料利用率和光合效率。

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