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科学家刻板印象:研究与启示

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Keywords: 科学家刻板印象,科学教育,社会建构主义,榜样角色,职业认同,师生共同体

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Abstract:

?青少年学生群体是我国未来科学发展的储备力量,科学家是科学技术行业的精英形象代表。青少年学生心目中的科学家形象影响着他们科学学习的兴趣和与科学相关职业的认同。实证研究表明,青少年学生所认知的科学家形象总体上较为刻板。以社会建构主义的视角可以看到,这种刻板印象的认知受到其所处的社会文化情境的影响,也存在着文化的差异性。为了树立科学家在学生群体中的积极、正面和可及性形象,提供科学家的榜样角色和提供与科学职业有关的信息是两个重要的途径。针对我国科学教育现状,在向青少年学生传播和塑造科学家形象的过程中,应注意科学研究与科学传播、科普研究与科普实践、主流群体与边缘群体、自然科学与社会科学等的相互结合。

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