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文化进化的实验与非实验研究方法

, PP. 5-13

Keywords: 文化进化,实验研究方法,传递链方法,置换方法,固定组方法

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Abstract:

?文化进化的研究者认为文化同基因一样存在累积性的进化,可以用达尔文进化理论进行解释。文化的累积性进化是通过文化传递,即文化学习机制实现的,可以使用实验(包括传递链方法、置换方法和固定组方法)与非实验方法(包括历史研究方法、比较法和计算机模拟)进行研究。历史研究方法、比较法具有较高的本土文化契合性,但难以提供因果解释;计算机模拟可以对各种变量进行控制,但易缺少生态效度;实验方法通过对文化传递的情境模拟,能获得具有较高的因果解释力和生态效度的结果。

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