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儿童非符号数量表征的特点及作用探析

, PP. 33-41

Keywords: 儿童,非符号数量表征,符号数量表征

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Abstract:

?数量表征是人类重要的基础心理能力,包括了符号和非符号两种表征系统。非符号数量表征是个体不需要依赖符号知识对视觉、听觉或跨通道呈现的实物或实物记号的数量刺激进行表达和运算的过程,具有一定的种系进化基础,先于语言发生。在未接受正式数学教育之前,儿童在一定程度上就能在平面空间和三维空间内表征非符号数量,并表现出了在视觉-听觉跨通道条件下的抽象非符号数量表征能力。个体早期即可能拥有两种特点不同的离散量表征系统:对非符号小数量的精确表征和对大数量的近似表征,但对其产生机制还存在不同的理论解释。在符号系统出现后,非符号数量表征和符号数量表征在行为及神经机制既有区别又有联系,并可能通过映射过程在头脑内部相互转换。与符号数量表征相互作用发展成为个体高级数能力的重要基础。

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