Postoperative maxillary cyst is a quite rare delayed complication of surgical intervention associated with maxillary sinuses. It occurs many years after surgery. This paper describes a 54-year-old woman presenting with swelling of left cheek for seven-years duration. The orthopantomograph revealed a unilocular cystic radiolucency with well-defined margins in left maxillary sinus. In the computerized tomography, the cyst had a sclerotic wall with bony condensations. Aspiration cytology revealed many neutrophil leukocytes. Cyst was drained and enucleated. Histopathologically, it had a fibrous wall with inflammation and focal reactive bone formation and lined by a respiratory-type epithelium. In the clinical history, it is learned that she had a maxillary sinus surgery 8 years ago and the diagnosis was made considering the clinical and histopathological findings. 1. Introduction Postoperative maxillary cyst (PMC), which is also known as surgical ciliated cyst, postoperative paranasal cyst, or respiratory implantation cyst, was originally described by Kubo in 1927 [1]. It occurs up to 49 years after surgery associated with maxillary sinuses. Although it is quite rare in Western countries, it constitutes 20% of oral cysts in Japan. It presents as an expansile swelling of cheek or palate. Radiographically, it appears as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the maxillary sinus. It is lined by a respiratory-type epithelium, and this supports the theory suggesting that it results from the mucosa of maxillary sinus entrapped in the wound during closure or healing. Here, we report a case occurred 8 years after a maxillary sinus surgery. 2. Case Report A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our dental clinic suffering from repeating swelling of her left cheek during the past seven years. Physical examination revealed a mild bulk just under the left zygoma which was tender on palpation. The left buttress area was fluctuant and pus was draining from the posterior maxilla, giving the sense of an infected lesion which eroded the maxillary lateral wall. There was no evidence of pulpal or periodontal infection, neither clinically nor radiologically. On the orthopantomograph, there was a unilocular well-defined radiolucency in the left maxillary sinus region (Figure 1). Computerized tomography revealed the same lesion expanding the boundaries of the sinus through the surrounding soft tissue. Her medical history revealed a maxillary sinus surgery 8 years ago. Aspiration cytology revealed many polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The cyst was enucleated under local anaesthesia
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