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溴甲烷在草莓田的替代及减少其散发的技术

, PP. 291-297

Keywords: 溴甲烷,威百亩,太阳能消毒,抗性品种,草莓

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Abstract:

溴甲烷是一种消耗臭氧层的物质,根据《蒙特利尔议定书哥本哈根修正案》,发展中国家将于2015年淘汰。在我国溴甲烷消费量最大的地区,河北省满城县实施了中-意"溴甲烷土壤消毒替代技术及能力建设项目"。试验结果表明:威百亩和威百亩+VIF,采用化学灌溉技术施药,是有前景的溴甲烷替代品,2001~2002年威百亩和威百亩+VIF处理"达赛莱克特"品种的产量分别为26816kg/hm2和23672kg/hm2,而溴甲烷处理的产量为28346kg/hm2;威百亩和威百亩+VIF处理"理念"品种的产量分别为19844kg/hm2和15989kg/hm2,而溴甲烷处理的产量为19657kg/hm2;2002~2003年威百亩和威百亩+VIF处理"达赛莱克特"品种的产量分别为23073kg/hm2和23446kg/hm2,而溴甲烷处理的产量为25285kg/hm2;威百亩和威百亩+VIF处理"全明星"品种的产量分别为:29594kg/hm2和27677kg/hm2,而溴甲烷处理的产量为32191kg/hm2。产量结果经统计分析表明,威百亩、威百亩+VIF与溴甲烷均无显著差异。溴甲烷+VIF采用热法施药,其产量与溴甲烷无明显差异,但溴甲烷+VIF能减少溴甲烷25%的用药量。太阳能消毒+生物防治制剂的产量高于空白对照,有一定的防病增产效果,但显著低于溴甲烷处理的产量,不能作为溴甲烷的替代品。进口品种"理念"和当地主栽品种"全明星"对土传病害的抗性较差,在长势、产量方面均显著差于新引进品种"达赛莱克特"。虽然"达赛莱克特"对土传病害有一定的抗性,但与溴甲烷和威百亩处理区比较,空白对照区的产量仍显著低于药剂处理区的产量。

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