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冬季灌水对土壤中向日葵菌核的活力及其致病力的影响

, PP. 305-310

Keywords: 冬灌水,菌核,萌发活力,致病力

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Abstract:

为明确内蒙古巴彦淖尔市河滩地向日葵菌核病发生轻的原因,在内蒙古农业大学教学农场模拟了巴彦淖尔市河滩向日葵地块的种植条件即对土壤中的向日葵菌核进行了冬季大水漫灌处理,并在次年春天对冬灌水处理后土壤中菌核的活力、草酸分泌量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)的活性以及致病力进行了测定。结果表明,灌水处理后土壤中菌核萌发率为46%,比未灌水处理的对照降低了27%;草酸分泌量为50.94μg/mg,PG活性为14.82U/mg,均显著低于对照。冬灌水处理后的菌核萌发后在离体叶片上接种病斑大小仅为0.69cm,显著低于未经冬季灌水处理的1.29cm。2012和2013年的向日葵植株活体接种试验结果表明,用冬灌水处理后的菌核接种后发病株率分别为10.67%和18.37%,显著低于未经灌水但混有菌核的处理。表明冬季灌水处理能够降低土壤中菌核来年对向日葵的致病力,从而降低向日葵菌核病的发病程度。

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