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药材霉菌及霉菌毒素污染现状分析

Keywords: 药材,霉菌,霉菌毒素

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Abstract:

霉变是引起药材品质变坏的重要原因之一。近年来对药材霉菌污染情况的分析发现污染霉菌主要有曲霉、青霉、镰刀菌、木霉、根霉等,当条件适宜时,这些霉菌会进一步产生黄曲霉素、赭曲霉毒素、伏马毒素、单端孢霉烯族毒素等多种霉菌毒素,引起药材霉菌毒素污染,直接影响服用者的身体健康。药材在田间生长、储藏、加工等各个环节都可能发生霉菌、霉菌毒素的污染,污染情况与药材性质以及一系列的环境因素有关,尽管目前有一些物理、化学方法用于药材去霉,但是去霉效果有限。鉴于药材化学性质及服用者的特殊性,从安全、经济的角度考虑,在各个环节控制药材霉变是重点。作者就药材霉菌、霉菌毒素污染现状进行综述,以期为了解和控制药材霉变提供参考。

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