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铁线莲属植物的化学成分研究进展

Keywords: 铁线莲属,化学成分,三萜皂苷,黄酮,木脂素

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Abstract:

笔者对毛茛科铁线莲属植物化学成分研究进行了综述。铁线莲属植物化学成分比较复杂,化学结构类型包括三萜、黄酮、木脂素、香豆素、生物碱、挥发油、甾体、有机酸、大环化合物及酚类等,其中三萜皂苷、黄酮、木脂素是主要的结构类型。铁线莲属植物中的三萜皂苷主要为齐墩果酸型和常春藤皂苷元型,其中大部分为苷元的3位和28位均连有糖链的双糖链苷,只有少数为苷元的3位或28位接糖链的单糖链苷,有些皂苷的糖链上还有乙酰基(Ac)、咖啡酰基(CA)、异阿魏酰基(IF)、对甲氧基桂皮酰基(MC)和3,4-二甲氧基桂皮酰基(DMC)等取代基。其中的黄酮按结构类型可分为黄酮(苷)、黄酮醇(苷)、二氢黄酮(苷)、异黄酮(苷)和酮,既有氧糖苷,也有碳糖苷,其苷元主要为芹菜素、山柰酚、木犀草素和槲皮素。该属植物中的木脂素有Eupomtene型、环木脂素、单环氧木脂素、双环氧木脂素和木脂内酯。铁线莲属植物资源广泛,目前尚有必要进一步拓展其研究范围,以便更好地对其进行开发利用。

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