Kupchan S M, Court W A, Dailey R G Jr, et al. Triptolide and tripdiolide, novel antileukemic diterpenoid triepoxides from Tripterygium wilfordii[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1972, 94 (20): 7194.
[2]
Zhen Q S, Ye X Z, Wei J. Recent progress in research on tripterygium: a male antifertility plant [J]. Contraception, 1995, 51 (2): 121.
[3]
Tengchaisri T, Chawengkirttikul R, Rachaphaew N, et al. Antitumor activity of triptolide against cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro and in hamsters [J]. Cancer Lett, 1998, 133 (2): 169.
[4]
Lu H, Hachida M, Enosawa S, et al. Immunosuppressive effect of triptolide in vitro [J]. Transplant Proc, 1999, 31 (5): 2056.
[5]
Gu W Z, Chen R, Brandwein S, et al. Isolation, purification, and characterization of immunosuppressive compounds from tripterygium: triptolide and tripdiolide [J]. Int J Immunopharmacol, 1995, 17 (5): 351.
[6]
Tao X L, Cush J J, Garret M, et al. A phase I study of ethyl acetate extract of the Chinese antirheumatic herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. J Rheumatol, 2001, 28(10):2160.
[7]
Weng D, Lu Y, Wei Y N, et al. The role of ROS in microcystin-LR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in mice [J]. Toxicology, 2007, 232(1/2): 15.
[8]
Bao X F, Cui J, Wu Y Y, et al. The roles of endogenous reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in triptolide-induced apoptotic cell death in macrophages [J]. J Mol Med, 2007, 85(1): 85.
[9]
Shamon L A, Pezzuto J M, Graves J M, et al. Evaluation of the mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antitumor potential of triptolide, a highly oxygenated diterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii[J]. Cancer Lett, 1997, 112 (1): 113.
Lee M G, Lee K T, Chi S G, et al. Costunolide induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome C release [J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 2001, 24(3): 303.
[13]
Shu B, Duan W G, Yao J C, et al. Caspase 3 is involved in the apoptosis induced by triptolide in HK-2 cells [J]. Toxicol In Vitro, 2009, 23(4): 598.
[14]
Melnikov V Y, Faubel S, Siegmund B, et al. Neutrophil-independent mechanisms of caspase-1- and IL-18-mediated ischemic acute tubular necrosis in mice [J]. J Clin Invest, 2002, 110 (8): 1083.
[15]
Han K Q, Huang G., Gu W, et al. Anti-tumor activities and apoptosis-regulated mechanisms of bufalin on the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2007, 13(24): 3374.
[16]
Kerr J F, Wyllie A H, Currie A R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics [J]. Br J Cancer, 1972, 26(4): 39.
[17]
Cohen G M, Sun X M, Fearnhead H, et al. Formation of large molecular weight fragments of DNA is a key committed step of apoptosis in thymocytes [J]. J Immunol, 1994, 153(2): 507.
[18]
Martin S J, Reutelingsperger C P, McGahon A J, et al. Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl [J]. J Exp Med, 1995, 182(5):1545.
[19]
Martin S J, Green D R. Protease activation during apoptosis: death by a thousand cuts [J]. Cell, 1995, 82(3):349.
[20]
Yilmaz H R, Iraz M. Sogut S, et al. The effects of erdosteine on the activities of some metabolic enzymes during cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [J]. Pharmacol Res, 2004, 50(3): 287.
[21]
Kawabata T, Ma Y, Yamador I, et al. Iron-induced apoptosis in mouse renal proximal tubules after an injection of a renal carcinogen, iron-nitrilotriacetate [J]. Carcinogenesis, 1997, 18(7): 1389.