Li J J, Li Z W, Wang S Z, et al. Ningdong granule: a complementary and alternative therapy in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2011, 216(4): 501.
[2]
Lan Y, Zhang L L, Luo R. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: comparative efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and methylphenidate[J]. J Int Med Res, 2009, 37(3): 939.
Sagvolden T, Johansen E, Woien G, et al. The spontaneously hypertensive rat model of ADHD——the importance of selecting the appropriate reference strain[J]. Neuropharmacology, 2009, 57(7/8): 619.
[6]
Will C C, Aird F, Redei E E. Selectively bred Wistar-Kyoto rats: an animal model of depression and hyper-responsiveness to antidepressants[J].Mol Psychiatry, 2003, 8 (11): 925.
[7]
Collins S L, Montano R, Izenwasser S. Nicotine treatment produces persistent increases in amphetamine- stimulated locomotor activity in periadolescent male but not female or adult male rats[J]. Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 2004, 153(2): 175.
[8]
Doremus T L, Varlinskaya E I, Spear L P. Age-related differences in elevated plus maze behavior between adolescent and adult rats [J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2004, 1021: 427.
[9]
Yang P B, Swann A C, Dafny N. Acute and chronic methylphenidate dose-response assessment on three adolescent male rat strains [J]. Brain Res Bull, 2006, 71(1/3): 301.
[10]
Bizot J C, Chemault N, Houze B, et al. Methylphenidate reduces impulsive behaviour in juvenile Wistar rats, but not in adult Wistar, SHR and WKY rats [J]. Psychopharmacology, 2007, 193: 215.
[11]
Shaw P, Sharp W S,Morrison M, et al. Psychostimulant treatment and the developing cortex in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [J]. Am J Psychiatr, 2009, 166: 58.
[12]
Okamoto K. Spontaneous hypertension in rats [J]. Int Rev Exp Pathol, 1969, 7: 227.
Arnsten A F.Fundamentals of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: circuits and pathways [J].Clin Psychaitry, 2006, 67(8):7.
[16]
Zhu N, Weedon J, Dow-Edwards D L. Oral methylphenidate improves spatial learning and memory in pre- and periadolescent rats [J]. Behav Neurosci, 2007,121(6): 1272.
[17]
Kuczenski R, Seqal D S. Exposure of adolescent rats to oral methylphenidate: preferential effects on extracellular norepinephrine and absence of sensitization and cross-sensitization to methamphetamine[J].J Neurosci, 2002, 22(16): 7264.
[18]
Kuczenski R, Seqal D S. Stimulant actions in rodents: implications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment and potential substance abuse[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2005, 57(11): 1391.
[19]
Bethancourt J A, Camarena Z Z, Britton G B. Exposure to oral methylphenidate from adolescence through young adulthood produces transient effects on hippocampal-sensitive memory in rats[J]. Behav Brain Res, 2009, 202(1):50.
[20]
Balcombe J P, Barnard N D, Sandusky C. Laboratory routines cause animal stress[J]. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci, 2004, 43(6): 42.
[21]
Brown A P, Dinger N, Levine B S. Stress produced by gavageadministration in the rat[J]. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci, 2000, 39(1):17.
[22]
Adriani W, Laviola G. Windows of vulnerability to psychopathology and therapeutic strategy in the adolescent rodent model[J]. BehavPharmacol, 2004,15 (5/6):341.
[23]
Andersen S L. Stimulants and the developing brain[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2005, 26(5): 237.
Sagvolden T, Aase H, Zeiner P, et al. Altered reinforcement mechanisms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. Behav Brain Res, 1998,94(1): 61.
[26]
Fischer M, Barkley R A, Smallish L. Executive functioning in hyperactive children as young adults: attention, inhibition, response perseveration, and the impact of comorbidity[J].Dev Neuropsychol,2005, 27(1):107.
[27]
Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H. Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [J]. Encephale,2009, 35(2):107.
[28]
Comings D E, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N. Comparison of the role of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder: multivariate regression analysis of 20 genes [J]. Clin Genet, 2000, 57(3):178.
Gray J D, Punsoni M,Tabori N E, et al. Methylphenidate administration to juvenile rats alters brain areas involved in cognition, motivated behaviors, appetite, and stress[J]. J Neurosci, 2007, 27(27): 7196.
[31]
Rapport M D, Moffitt C. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate:a review of height/weight, cardiovascular, and somatic complaint side effects[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2002, 22(8): 1107.