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植物学报  2011 

烟台甜樱桃柱头的可授性、形态特征与坐果率

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2011.00044, PP. 44-49

Keywords: 甜樱桃,坐果率,授粉,柱头微形态,柱头形态,柱头可授性

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Abstract:

?采用数码照相、电镜扫描、联苯胺-过氧化氢测试及去雄套袋等技术手段,对烟台甜樱桃(Cerasusavium)花期不同发育阶段柱头的可授性、形态特征和坐果状况进行了观察。结果表明,烟台甜樱桃在套袋状态下,柱头可授期从开花前1天开始可持续5–7天。从杯状花期到花瓣平展期,柱头逐渐有乳突细胞破裂并呈现分泌液,出现渐强的可授性;从花瓣平展期到花瓣脱落期,柱头由暗黄渐变至暗黑,逐渐萎缩并丧失可授性。去雄套袋及人工授粉实验结果显示,在大蕾期、杯状花期、花瓣展放期、花瓣平展期和花瓣脱落期进行人工授粉,烟台甜樱桃的坐果率分别为60.50%、58.33%、62.08%、57.14%和39.13%。在自然条件下烟台甜樱桃的坐果率一般为30%–42%,传粉成功的最佳期主要发生在杯状花期至花瓣平展期。

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