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植物学报  2012 

中国渤海海域甲藻孢囊的种类多样性和生态地理分布

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2012.00125, PP. 125-132

Keywords: 渤海,甲藻孢囊,生态分布,有害藻华,种类多样性

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Abstract:

?在渤海湾24个站位采集0–10cm表层沉积物144份样品,进行甲藻孢囊的种类多样性和生态地理分布研究,并分析渤海海域水体的富营养化趋势。在渤海海域共采集鉴定出6类32种甲藻孢囊,包括原多甲藻类孢囊11种、裸甲藻类孢囊6种、膝沟藻类孢囊7种、钙质类孢囊5种、翼藻类孢囊2种及Tuberculodinioid类孢囊1种。其中,自养型甲藻孢囊17种,优势种为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiellatrochoidea)孢囊,丰富的孢囊库为锥状斯氏藻赤潮提供种源,可作为该海域发生锥状斯氏藻赤潮的参考依据;异养型甲藻孢囊15种,优势种为无纹多沟藻(Polykrikosschwartzii)和锥形原多甲藻(Protoperidiniumconicum)孢囊;发现1种产麻痹性贝类毒素的孢囊——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)孢囊,但是仅在S6、S8和S14三个站位发现,且孢囊数量较少。渤海甲藻孢囊组成与世界其它海域相似,异养型甲藻孢囊种类丰富,提示渤海海域富营养化程度较高。每个站位沉积物样品分为3层(每层约3cm),春夏两季表层、中层和底层之间孢囊组成差异不大,平均种类数为5.58–7.29,孢囊的平均密度范围在58.82–103.57cysts·g–1DW之间;孢囊种类丰富的站点,孢囊密度也较高,如S9、S14站位。对渤海海区表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的生物多样性进行了统计分析,发现表、中、底3层甲藻孢囊的平均种类多样性指数在春季(5月)分别为1.69、1.61和1.52;略低于夏季(8月)的1.83、1.89和1.60。

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