全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

小麦秸秆焚烧对土壤有机质积累和微生物活性的影响

DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0429, PP. 1081-1087

Keywords: 秸秆焚烧,有机质含量,含水量,微生物数量,土壤酶活性

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

【目的】焚烧作物秸秆是常见的处理农业废弃物减少病虫害和增加土壤养分的方法。但秸秆焚烧污染大气,妨碍农业健康发展。前人对秸秆焚烧造成大气污染已研究颇多,而对土壤环境所受影响的探究较少。本文选取焚烧不同小麦秸秆量的耕层土壤为研究对象,分析秸秆焚烧在短期内对土壤有机质积累和土壤微生物活性的影响。【方法】利用田间试验,设置对照(CK)、秸秆减量焚烧(0.24kg/m2,A1)、全量焚烧(0.48kg/m2,A2)和增量焚烧(0.72kg/m2,A3)4种处理。将秸秆均匀覆盖在地表进行焚烧,并对残留较多的部分进行补充焚烧,以确保秸秆焚烧完全。焚烧完成5h后,待土壤温度恢复正常,采集0—5cm、5—10cm、10—20cm土壤样品,分析各层次土壤有机质含量、含水量、微生物数量和土壤酶活性。【结果】秸秆焚烧对0—5cm土层的有机质含量、含水量、微生物数量及土壤酶活性影响显著,各处理均表现出减少的趋势。有机质含量下降了6.37%~19.47%,含水量减少22.15%~39.19%;细菌数量减少52.26%~75.25%,真菌减少45.21%~63.29%,放线菌减少46.87%~68.26%。蔗糖酶活性降低14.19%~30.75%,脲酶活性降低7.81%~25.48%,过氧化氢酶活性降低9.63%~39.53%,磷酸酶活性降低11.36%~40.44%;各处理与CK间大多呈显著差异。5—20cm土层中各指标无显著变化。焚烧处理各指标的减少量均表现出A3>A2>A1的趋势,不同秸秆焚烧量之间大多差异显著。相关性分析表明,秸秆焚烧量与有机质含量、含水量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性之间呈显著负相关关系。【结论】小麦秸秆焚烧在短期内显著降低了0—5cm土层中的有机质含量和微生物活性,而对5—20cm土层的土壤影响不显著。小麦秸秆焚烧对土壤环境的影响强度随秸秆量的增多而加大。焚烧量与有机质含量、含水量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性之间呈显著负相关关系。鉴于秸秆焚烧对土壤肥力的长期效应以及对土壤理化性质影响的复杂性,焚烧对土壤有机质积累和微生物群落的影响还需要长期定位试验来探讨。

References

[1]  申源源, 陈宏. 秸秆还田对土壤改良的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(19): 291-294. Shen Y Y, Chen H. The progress of study on soil improvement research with straw stalk[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(19): 291-294.
[2]  韩鲁佳, 闫巧娟, 刘向阳, 胡金有. 中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J]. 农业工程学报, 2002, 18(3): 87-91. Han L J, Yan Q J, Liu X Y, Hu J Y. Straw resources and their utilization in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2002, 18(3): 87-91.
[3]  曹国良, 张小曳, 王亚强, 郑方成. 中国区域农田秸秆露天焚烧排放量的估算[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(15): 1826-1831. Cao G L, Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, Zheng F C. Experimental investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residues burning[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(15): 1826-1831.
[4]  刘巽浩, 王爱玲, 高旺盛. 实行作物秸秆还田促进农业可持续发展[J]. 作物杂志, 1998, (5): 1-5. Liu X H, Wang A L, Gao W S. Implementing straw returning and accelerating agriculture sustained development[J]. Crops, 1998, (5): 1-5.
[5]  王丹, 屈文军, 曹国良, 等. 秸秆燃烧排放颗粒物的水溶性组分分析及其排放因子[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2007, 13(5): 31-34. Wang D, Qu W J, Cao G L〖WTBX〗 et al〖WTBZ〗. Analysis of water-soluble species in emission particulate from regional stalk burning and their emission factors[J]. China Power Science and Technology, 2007, 13(5): 31-34.
[6]  刘天学, 赵贵兴, 杨青春. 秸秆焚烧土壤提取液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2005, 24(1): 67-70. Liu T X, Zhao G X, Yang Q C. Effects of extracting solution from crop straw burning soil on the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean[J]. Soybean Science, 2005, 24(1): 67-70.
[7]  毕于运, 王亚静, 高春雨. 我国秸秆焚烧的现状危害与禁烧管理对策[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(27): 13181-13184. Bi Y Y, Wang Y J, Gao C Y. Problems of burning straw and its management countermeasures in China[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(27): 13181-13184.
[8]  鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2002. 25-38.Bao S D. Soil agricultural chemical analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2002. 25-38.
[9]  关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986. 274-338.Guan S Y. Soil enzyme and its research methods[M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986. 274-338.
[10]  赵彬, 孙龙, 胡海清, 孙志虎. 兴安落叶松林火后对土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(3): 450-459. Zhao B, Sun L, Hu H Q, Sun Z H. Post-fire soil microbial biomass and nutrient content of Larix gmelinii forest in autumn[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(3): 450-459.
[11]  Kim E J, Oh J E, Chang Y S. Effects of forest fire on the level and distribution of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in soil[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2003, 311(1-3): 177-189.
[12]  Boerner R E J, Brinkman J A, Smith A. Seasonal variations in enzyme activity and organic carbon in soil of a burned and unburned hardwood forest[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(8): 1419-1426.
[13]  Hernandez T, Garcia C, Reinhardt I. Short-term effect of wildfire on the chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties of Mediterranean pine forest soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1997, 25(2): 109-116.
[14]  严昶升. 土壤肥力研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1988. 276-276.Yan C S. Study method on soil fertility[M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1988. 276-276.
[15]  赵兰坡, 姜岩. 土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨[J]. 土壤通报, 1986, 17(3): 138-141. Zhao L P, Jiang Y. Study on determination of soil phosphatase activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1986, 17(3): 138-141.
[16]  Schnitzer M. Soil organic matter-the next 75 years[J]. Soil Science, 1991, 151 (1): 41-58.
[17]  Kononova M M. Soil organic matter, its nature, its role in soil formation and in fertility(2nd Edition)[M]. London: Pergamon Press, 1961. 5-20.
[18]  熊顺贵. 基础土壤学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2001. 123-150.Xiong S G. Basic soil science[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2001. 123-150.
[19]  路文涛, 贾志宽, 张鹏, 等. 秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤水分及作物生产力的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(1): 93-99. Lu W T, Jia Z K, Zhang P et al. Effects of straw returning on soil water and crop productivity in the rainfed area of southern Ningxia, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(1): 93-99.
[20]  邵玉琴, 敖晓兰, 宋国宝, 等. 皇甫川流域退化草地和恢复草地土壤微生物生物量的研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 578-580. Shao Y Q, Ao X L, Song G B et al. Soil microbial biomass in degenerated and recovered grasslands of Huangfuchuan watershed[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(5): 578-580.
[21]  Garcia C, Hemanderz T, Roldan A, Martin A. Effect of plant cover decline on chemical and microbiological parameters under mediterranean climate[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34(5): 635-642.
[22]  Bandick A K, Dick R P. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1999, 31(11): 1471-1479.
[23]  Neff J C, Harden J W, Gleixner G. Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2005, 35(9): 2178-2187.
[24]  Howard P J A, Howard D M, Lowe L E. Effects of tree species and soil physico-chemical conditions on the nature of soil organic matter[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30(3): 285-297.
[25]  Certini G. Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review[J]. Oecologia, 2005, 143(1): 1-10.
[26]  Fernandez I, Cabainero A, Carballas T. Organic matter changes immediately after a wildfire in an Atlantic forest soil and comparison with laboratory soil heating[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1997, 29(1): 1-11.
[27]  黄兆琴, 胡林潮, 史明, 等. 水稻秸秆燃烧对土壤有机质组成的影响研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2012, 49(1): 60-67. Huang Z Q, Hu L C, Shi M et al. Changes in composition of soil organic matter after burning of straw[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012, 49(1): 60-67.
[28]  Trabaud L. The effect of fire on nutrient losses and cycling in a Quercus coccifera garrigue (Southern France)[J]. Oecologia, 1994, 99(3-4): 379-386.
[29]  DeBano L F, Neary D G, Ffolliott P F. Fire effects on ecosystems[M]. New York: Wiley, 1998. 20-45.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133