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水洗生物炭配施化肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响

DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0425, PP. 1049-1055

Keywords: 竹炭,水洗竹炭,秸秆产量,籽粒产量,养分吸收

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Abstract:

【目的】生物炭对水稻产量和养分吸收有良好的作用,本文研究生物炭水洗与否对其效果的影响,为生物炭的高效利用提供支持。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以竹炭和经去离子水冲洗后的竹炭为材料,在不施化肥和配施化肥两种条件下,研究了竹炭和水洗竹炭对水稻土壤理化性质、水稻秸秆和籽粒产量及N、P、K养分吸收的影响。【结果】竹炭经水洗后pH和K含量显著降低,C、N、P、S、Ca、Na和Mg含量,比表面积(BET),总孔容以及平均颗粒大小均没有显著变化。与不施肥对照相比,竹炭和水洗竹炭单施处理均显著提高土壤pH、有机碳、速效钾,且两种处理之间土壤速效钾差异显著;单施竹炭和水洗竹炭分别显著提高水稻秸秆产量12.7%和15.6%,水洗竹炭处理还显著提高水稻籽粒产量15.7%,水洗与不水洗之间没有显著差异;与化肥对照相比,竹炭和水洗竹炭配施化肥均显著提高土壤全氮,水洗竹炭配施化肥还显著提高土壤速效磷;竹炭和水洗竹炭处理分别显著提高水稻秸秆产量18.7%和33.1%,提高水稻籽粒产量16.7%和18.4%。在水稻养分吸收方面,竹炭和水洗竹炭单施显著提高秸秆氮素和钾素的吸收,水洗竹炭单施还显著提高籽粒氮素的吸收,但二者之间差异不显著;与化肥配合施用,竹炭和水洗竹炭均显著提高水稻秸秆和籽粒氮素和钾素的吸收,水洗竹炭显著提高籽粒磷素吸收,且水洗竹炭促进水稻秸秆和籽粒中氮素吸收的效果优于竹炭,但竹炭促进秸秆钾素吸收效果显著优于水洗竹炭,这可能与经水洗后竹炭钾素含量显著降低有关。【结论】竹炭和水洗竹炭单独施用和与肥料配施均可显著提高水稻的产量和对养分的吸收。二者相比,水洗提高了竹炭增加水稻氮素利用率和产量的效果,但降低了其补钾能力。从环保、减氮增效以及节约水资源角度考虑,实际生产中应慎重考虑是否对生物炭进行水洗。

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