全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

施氮量与播种期对棉花产量和品质及棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响

DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0414, PP. 951-961

Keywords: 棉花(GossypiumhirsutumL.),棉铃对位叶,播种期,施氮量,光合产物,产量和品质

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

【目的】本研究旨在揭示施氮量调控不同播种期棉铃对位叶光合产物形成与运转的生理机制,以期为棉花的合理氮肥运筹提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2005和2007年在中国农业科学院棉花研究所(河南安阳,黄河流域黄淮棉区)进行,以科棉1号和美棉33B品种为材料,设置大田不同播种期(4月25日和5月25日)和不同施氮量[低氮N0kg/hm2(N0)、适氮N240kg/hm2(N240)、高氮N480kg/hm2(N480)]处理,研究施氮量对不同播种期棉花产量和品质及棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响。【结果】1)4月25日播种条件下,随施氮量的增加棉铃对位叶中蔗糖含量先升高后降低,淀粉含量增加;随播种期的推迟,N240、N480处理下的棉铃对位叶蔗糖和淀粉含量差异不明显,但均显著高于N0处理;花后24~45d,棉铃对位叶中蔗糖含量与叶氮浓度呈显著正相关,且相关系数随花后天数的增加而降低;花后17~24d,蔗糖转化量与叶氮浓度呈显著负相关,至花后31~52d,反而呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。表明棉铃对位叶中适宜叶氮浓度有利于碳水化合物的累积。2)4月25日播种条件下,N0、N480处理对棉花单株铃数、铃重和皮棉产量影响为负效应,对纤维长度和麦克隆值影响较小;晚播低温条件下,N480处理的棉花铃重、皮棉产量、纤维比强度均有所提高,麦克隆值得以优化。因此,施氮量与播种期对纤维比强度和麦克隆值的影响存在补偿效应,晚播棉花增加施氮量可减小因低温而造成的纤维比强度降低的幅度,优化麦克隆值。【结论】本试验条件下,播种期(温度)和施氮量对棉铃对位叶光合产物含量、棉花产量和品质存在互作效应,其主导因素是播种期(温度),施氮量对其有补偿效应。随播种期的推迟,施氮量N240kg/hm2时棉花单铃重、产量及纤维品质降低的主要原因是晚播低温使棉铃对位叶中的光合产物(蔗糖和淀粉含量)增加,抑制了光合产物向棉铃及纤维的运输。晚播低温条件下,适量追施氮肥可调节棉铃对位叶中的氮浓度并提高光合产物再利用的能力,促进棉花单铃的形成,降低棉纤维比强度的下降幅度,优化麦克隆值。

References

[1]  Constable G, Rawson H. Carbon production and utilization in cotton: Inferences from a carbon budget[J]. Functional Plant Biology, 1980, 7(5): 539-553.
[2]  Ashley D A.14C-labeled photosynthate translocation and ultilization in cotton plant[J]. Crop Science, 1972, 12(1): 69-74.
[3]  Wullschleger S D, Oosterhuis D M. Photosynthetic carbon production and use by developing cotton leaves and bolls[J]. Crop Science, 1990, 30(6): 1259-1264.
[4]  董志强, 舒文华, 翟学军, 等. 棉株不同器官中几种内源激素的变化及相关关系[J]. 核农学报, 2005, 19(01): 62-67.Dong Z Q, Shu W H, Zhai X J et al. The change and relationship of several endogenesis hormone in different organs of cotton plant[J]. Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica, 2005, 19(1): 62-67.
[5]  Davidonis G H, Johnson A S, Landivar J A et al. Cotton fiber quality is related to boll location and planting date[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96(1): 42-47.
[6]  赵文青, 孟亚利, 陈美丽, 等. 棉株果枝部位, 温光复合因子及施氮量对纤维伸长的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(6): 1077-1086.Zhao W Q, Meng Y L, Chen M L et al. Effects of fruiting branch position, temperature-light factors and nitrogen rates on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber elongation[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(6): 1077-1086.
[7]  赵文青, 孟亚利, 陈兵林, 等. 棉株果枝部位, 温光复合因子及施氮量对纤维比强度形成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(18): 3721-3732.Zhao W Q, Meng Y L, Chen B L et al. Effects of fruiting-branch position, temperature-light factors and nitrogen rates on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber strength formation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 48(18): 3721-3732.
[8]  薛晓萍, 周治国, 张丽娟, 等. 棉花花后临界氮浓度稀释模型的建立及在施氮量调控中的应用[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(6): 1781-1791.Xue X P, Zhou Z G, Zhang L J et al. Development and application of critical nitrogen concentration dilution model for cotton after flowering[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(6): 1781-1791.
[9]  Lightfoot D, Orford S, Timmis J. Identification and characterisation of cotton boll wall-specific gene promoters for future transgenic cotton varieties[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2013, 31(1): 174-184.
[10]  刘霞, 姜春明, 郑泽荣, 等. 藁城8901和山农1391淀粉合成酶活性和淀粉组分积累特征的比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(5): 897-903.Liu X, Jiang C M, Zheng Z R et al. Activities of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis and starch accumulation in grains of wheat cultivars GC8901 and SN1391[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(5): 897-903.
[11]  Feil B M, Moser S B, Jampatong S et al. Mineral composition of the grains of tropical maize varieties as affected by pre-anthesis drought and rate of nitrogen fertilization[J]. Crop Science, 2005, 45(2): 516-523.
[12]  Luque de Castro M D, García-Ayuso L E. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1998, 369(1-2): 1-10.
[13]  Zheng M, Wang Y H, Liu K et al. Protein expression changes during cotton fiber elongation in response to low temperature stress[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2012, 169(4): 399-〖KG-*9〗409.
[14]  束红梅, 赵新华, 周治国, 等. 不同棉花品种纤维比强度形成的温度敏感性差异机理研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(7): 2332-2341.Shu H M, Zhao X H, Zhou Z G et al. Physiological mechanisms of variation in temperature-sensitivity of cotton fiber strength formation between two cotton cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(7): 2332-2341.
[15]  刘敬然, 刘佳杰, 孟亚利, 等. 外源6-BA和ABA对不同播种期棉花产量和品质及其棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, (6): 1078-1088.Liu J R, Liu J J, Meng Y L et al. Effect of 6-BA and ABA applications on yield, quality and photosynthate contents in the subtending leaf of cotton with different planting dates[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(6): 1078-1088.
[16]  Wang S H, Zhu Y, Jiang H D et al. Positional differences in nitrogen and sugar concentrations of upper leaves relate to plant N status in rice under different N rates[J]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 96(2-3): 224-234.
[17]  Chen D, Ye G, Yang C et al. Effect after introducing Bacillus thuringiensis gene on nitrogen metabolism in cotton[J]. Field Crops Research, 2004, 87(2-3): 235-244.
[18]  Gao X B, Wang Y H, Zhou Z G et al. Response of cotton fiber quality to the carbohydrates in the leaf subtending the cotton boll[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2012, 175(1): 152-160.
[19]  Invers O, Kraemer G P, Pérez M et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on nitrogen metabolism and carbon reserves in the temperate seagrass Posidonia oceanica [J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2004, 303(1): 97-〖KG-*9〗114.
[20]  Boussadia O, Steppe K, Zgallai H et al. Effects of nitrogen deficiency on leaf photosynthesis, carbohydrate status and biomass production in two olive cultivars ‘Meski’ and ‘Koroneiki’[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 123(3): 336-〖KG-*9〗342.
[21]  Hendrix D L, Grange R I. Carbon partitioning and export from mature cotton leaves[J]. Plant Physiology, 1991, 95(1): 228-233.
[22]  李伶俐, 房卫平, 谢德意, 等. 施氮量对杂交棉光合生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5): 1183-1189.Li L L, Fang W P, Xie D Y et al. Effects of nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics and yield and quality of hybrid cotton[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(05): 1183-1189.
[23]  高相彬, 王友华, 陈兵林, 等. 棉 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 纤维发育相关酶和纤维比强度对棉铃对位叶氮浓度变化的响应研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(5): 1227-1236.Gao X B, Wang Y H, Chen B L et al. Effects of nitrogen concentration in subtending leaves of boll on related enzymes and strength formation of cotton fiber[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(5): 1227-1236.
[24]  Reddy A R, Reddy K R, Padjung R et al. Nitrogen nutrition and photosynthesis in leaves of Pima cotton[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1996, 19(5): 755-770. "
[25]  Dong H, Li W, Tang W et al. Yield, quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 98(2-3): 106-115.
[26]  Liu J R, Ma Y N, Lü F J et al. Changes of sucrose metabolism in leaf subtending to cotton boll under cool temperature due to late planting[J]. Field Crops Research, 2013, 144(C): 200-211.
[27]  Salvagiotti F, Miralles D J. Radiation interception, biomass production and grain yield as affected by the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in wheat[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2008, 28(3): 282-290.
[28]  Reddy K R, Koti S, Davidonis G H et al. Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition on cotton growth, development, yield, and fiber quality[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96(4): 1148-1157.
[29]  孙红春, 冯丽肖, 谢志霞, 等. 不同氮素水平对棉花不同部位—铃叶系统生理特性及铃重空间分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(8): 1638-1645.Sun H C, Feng L X, Xie Z X et al. Physiological characteristics of boll-leaf system and boll weight space distributing of cotton under different nitrogen levels[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(8): 1638-1645.
[30]  勾玲, 闫洁, 韩春丽, 等. 氮肥对新疆棉花产量形成期叶片光合特性的调节效 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(5): 488-493.Gou L, Yan J, Han C L et al. Effects of nitrogen rates on photosynthetic chaxracteristics and yield of high-yielding cotton in Xinjiang[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(05): 488-493.应[J].
[31]  Fernaandez C J, McInnes K J, Cothren J T. Water status and leaf area production in water-and nitrogen-stressed cotton[J]. Crop Science, 1996, 36(5): 1224-1233.
[32]  马宗斌, 严根土, 刘桂珍, 等. 施氮量对黄河滩区棉花叶片生理特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(4): 849-857.Ma Z B, Yan G T, Liu G X et al. Effects of nitrogen application rates on main physiological characteristics of leaves, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton cultivated in the Yellow River bottomlands[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(04): 849-857.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133