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1000MW塔式炉水冷壁T23钢接头短期失效分析

DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2015.S.021, PP. 154-161

Keywords: USC塔式炉,水冷壁,T23钢,焊接接头,失效

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Abstract:

对近年来国内1000MW超超临界塔式炉中频发的水冷壁T23接头短期失效案例进行了分析,观察了裂纹的宏观和微观形态,通过OM、SEM和TEM分析了裂纹附近的的显微组织,并测试了接头的力学性能。通过有限元软件模拟了附加应力对裂纹形成的影响。最后在上述此基础上判断裂纹的性质,阐明其形成机理,并提出预防措施。结果表明,裂纹为蠕变沿晶裂纹,沿焊缝横向分布在管子的6点钟或12点钟位置。焊态焊缝形成了较多高硬度的马氏体,其在运行后的室温冲击韧性很低。这种焊缝在水冷壁工作温度下具有蠕变脆性,在结构附加应力和疲劳载荷的作用下易于发生蠕变沿晶开裂。选择低强度等级焊材、进行焊后热处理、细化晶粒和减小水平方向的结构应力有助于抑制裂纹。

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