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智能设备及需求响应—“智能”的定义与标准化

DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.22.002, PP. 3590-3600

Keywords: 需求响应,智能设备,智能电网,标准

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Abstract:

当“智能化”应用于设备时,需要仔细的定义。文章阐述了不同种类设备的“智能化”,有些设备只有提供有限便利的价值,而有些设备在电力网络运行的管理中则具有潜在的重要性。一个成熟的智能设备市场需要标准,不仅是对于通信协议,对于智能功能和需求响应方面同样重要。缺乏标准,市场分化的高风险性会使制造商和电力公司不会投资智能设备,因而无法实现智能电网的许多预期效益。文章总结了日本、美国、欧洲、澳大利亚以及国际电工委员会的智能设备标准,这些标准呈现出全球多样性的趋势,建立一个共同的标准体系可能是无法实现的,最好的可实现方法是根据不同的“智能架构”制定一系列的标准。文章还分析了能源效率与智能化的相互作用,智能化可提高某些设备的能源利用率,同时也会增加来自通信和控制设备的新负荷。但这些增加的费用会被电力供应中电网吸收负载和可再生发电高级别变化率而获得的更大经济收益抵消。

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