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不同氧化物对焚烧飞灰旋风熔融过程中重金属迁移行为的影响

DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.17.002, PP. 2754-2760

Keywords: 城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰,旋风炉,熔融,重金属,迁移

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Abstract:

利用自行设计的0.2MW旋风熔融炉研究了不同氧化物(CaO、SiO2和MgO)对焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属迁移行为的影响。结果表明:CaO掺杂量为5%时可抑制熔融过程中重金属的排放;SiO2和MgO的掺杂有利于重金属向熔渣中迁移。烟气中As、Cd、Zn、Pb的比例随SiO2掺杂量的增加而减少,而Cu、Co、Mn的在熔渣中的比例显著提高。烟气中重金属含量随着MgO掺杂量的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,在10%左右达到最低。当MgO掺杂量为10%时,As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg大部分迁移至熔融飞灰或烟气中,由高到低顺序为:Hg>As>Zn>Pb>Cd。对于Cu、Co和Mn,迁移至熔渣中范围约在45.5%~59.4%之间,而在烟气中的比例在23.8%~26.3%之间。XRD分析表明,飞灰中掺杂5%的CaO后,熔渣中为:CaSiO3、CaAl2Si2O8、Ca2Al2SiO7、Fe2SiO4。随着SiO2掺杂量的增加,熔渣中Ca2Al2SiO7、CaSiO3等晶体的份额下降,有利于熔渣中形成玻璃态无定形物质,可显著提高重金属迁移到熔渣的比例。当试样中MgO掺杂量为10%时,熔渣中的主要晶相为:(MgFe)2SiO4、Fe3Al2Si3O12、Ca2MgSi2O7,其熔渣玻璃化程度较好。

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