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中国沙漠  2012 

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘32种藜科植物种子萌发策略初探

Keywords: 藜科植物,萌发策略,种子大小,古尔班通古特沙漠

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Abstract:

对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘32种藜科植物的萌发特性(萌发率、萌发开始时间、平均萌发时间和萌发持续时间)进行研究,以探讨藜科植物的不同萌发对策及其生态适应意义。结果表明,32种植物萌发率呈双峰型,其中萌发率大于80%,或小于20%的种占大多数;萌发开始时间呈单峰型,28种植物在1~3d内开始萌发;平均萌发时间也呈单峰型,平均萌发时间小于5d的植物21种,最大的为杂配藜(23.7d);萌发持续时间种间差异较大,其中15种植物萌发持续时间小于15d,10种植物持续时间在15~30d,5种植物大于30d。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,32种植物可划分为4种萌发类型:爆发型、过渡型、缓萌型和低萌型。以上结果揭示出32种藜科植物种子萌发策略不尽相同,表现为机会主义萌发策略、下注萌发策略和谨慎萌发策略,这与植物所处土壤盐渍化程度存在差异有关。此外,Log尺度下32种藜科植物种子大小及其变异范围较小(10-2~101),暗示多数藜科植物多为小种子,其容易沿缝隙进入土壤形成短暂或永久种子库,这也是沙漠植物生存策略的重要一环。

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