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中国沙漠  2014 

长期暴露于沙尘人群的肺通气功能

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00238

Keywords: 长期沙尘暴露,暴露人群,肺功能

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Abstract:

为分析长期沙尘暴露对人群肺通气功能的影响,本文选择沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县和受沙尘污染较轻的平凉市为调查点,采用SPIROVITSP-1型肺功能仪,对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行肺功能测定,测定指标包括用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEVl)、1秒率(FEVl/FVC),肺通气功能损伤类型分为阻塞性(FEVl/FVC<70%)、限制性(FVC%<80%)及混合性(FEVl/FVC<70%且FVC%<80%)3类。结果显示,与平凉市比较,非吸烟者中,民勤县农民FEV1%、FEV1/FVC分别降低4.3%、6.6%;肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率分别增加9.5%、9.2%及3.2%,其RR(95%CI)分别为1.540(1.106~2.144)、1.955(1.242~3.076)及8.677(1.128~66.734);50~59岁农民阻塞性肺功能损伤发生率、60岁以上者肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺通气功能损伤发生率均增加;男性农民肺通气功能异常率、女性农民阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率均增加。这表明,长期沙尘暴露可导致人群肺功能降低,以阻塞性肺功能损伤为主,50岁以上人群是主要受害者。建议沙尘天气多发区人群应尽量减少沙尘暴露机会,并加强沙尘防护措施,以降低沙尘对暴露人群肺通气功能的损伤。

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