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中国沙漠  2014 

黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00323

Keywords: 黑河流域,风能环境,沙丘

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Abstract:

在黑河流域中游,沙漠分布在绿洲附近或绿洲之间。近年来,由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,该地区的生态与环境恶化。目前,虽然对该地区的生态与环境等问题进行了大量的研究,但关于绿洲及沙漠风能环境的研究较少。本文利用自动气象站的风资料、环境减灾卫星影像(HJ-1A/B)和GoogleEarth高清影像,对黑河流域中游沙漠的风能环境与风沙地貌进行探讨。结果表明:黑河流域中游沙漠的北部为高风能环境(>400),中部为中风能环境(200~400),南部为低风能环境(<200);合成输沙势方向总体为东南方向,但在不同区域有所差异;方向变率在北部和中部属于中等变率,南部属于低变率。内陆河流域下游的冲积-洪积物是该地区沙漠形成的物质基础。风能环境与风况对风沙地貌沙丘的形成起着重要作用,但沙源供应对沙丘形态特征的作用不可忽略,在相同的风况下,新月形沙丘(链)、格状沙丘和金字塔沙丘可能共同存在,造成这种格局的主要原因在于沙源的供应程度,按新月形沙丘(链)—格状沙丘—金字塔沙丘顺序,沙源供应逐渐增加。研究区的沙丘类型包括新月形沙丘链、格状沙丘、灌丛沙丘、沙垄、金字塔沙丘、线形沙丘等。

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