非故意损害下的过度补偿效应

摘要： 个体的补偿和报复行为是人际损害领域的研究重点。本研究通过将损害者和受害者置于同一情境，揭示了非故意损害中的过度补偿效应。实验包括虚拟和真实两种非故意损害情境，损害方式包括经济损失和肉体伤害。组间变量是损害者、受害者和中立者三种角色，因变量是被试在分配任务中留给搭档或自己的分数或金钱。结果表明，在阅读或经历了相同的非故意损害事件后，损害者补偿给受害者的分数和金钱会显著高于受害者留给自己的数量，即过度补偿效应。
Abstract: Compensation and revenge are the most basic behavioral reaction people employed in the context of interpersonal transgression. In most cases, offenders compensate the victim out of guilt and restore their relationship; the victim, motivated by either the intrinsic of justice/equity or emotions such as anger, will also retaliate the offender to make up their lost. Previous studies in the two areas focus on compensation and revenge respectively, without addressing them in the same context. When the offender has an amount to compensate, the victim also has one to revenge (retaliate). The comparison of the two amounts may start a new perspective to analysis the interpersonal transgression, increasing our prediction about the following interactions. By setting the offender and victim in the same scenario or real unintentional transgression, the present study discovered an over-compensation effect that offenders usually offer more compensation than the amount victims want to revenge (retaliate). Experiment 1 was based on a scenario story where one person’s unintentional mistake cost his (no gender implication in Chinese) a partner a great lost in reward of money. At the end of the story, there was an distribution task by which the story character can compensate or retaliated their partners (the more one distribute to himself, the less to his partner, so does the opposite). Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups (Offender vs. Victim vs. Control). The offender group was instructed to think and behave on the behalf of the offender character, while victim group on the behalf of the victim. The control group read a story of no transgression. The score offender group left for the victim was recorded as the amount of compensation while the score victim group left for the victim character was the amount of revenge. Experiment 2 was also a scenario study similar to Experiment 1, except the story was replaced to an unintentional body harm and participants compensate/revenge with voucher. Experiment 3 applied the paradigm of dot estimation task developed by Nelissen and Zeelenberg (2009) to creat an unintentional transgression. To set offender and victim together, Experiment 2 replaced the fictitious victims with real ones. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups (Offender vs. Victim vs. Control). Victims suffered a money