3 Lam J K, Liang W, Chan H K. Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic siRNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2012, 64: 1-15
[2]
4 Courrier H M, Butz N, Vandamme T F. Pulmonary drug delivery systems: Recent developments and prospects. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 2002, 19: 425-498
[3]
5 Patton J S, Byron P R. Inhaling medicines: Delivering drugs to the body through the lungs. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2007, 6: 67-74
[4]
13 Kim H K, Chung H J, Park T G. Biodegradable polymeric microspheres with "open/closed" pores for sustained release of human growth hormone. J Control Release, 2006, 112: 167-174
[5]
14 Ungaro F, De Rosa G, Miro A, et al. Cyclodextrins in the production of large porous particles: Development of dry powders for the sustained release of insulin to the lungs. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2006, 28: 423-432
[6]
16 Edwards D A, Hanes J, Caponetti G, et al. Large porous particles for pulmonary drug delivery. Science, 1997, 276: 1868-1871
[7]
23 Islam N, Gladki E. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)—A review of device reliability and innovation. Int J Pharm, 2008, 360: 1-11
[8]
24 Islam N, Cleary M J. Developing an efficient and reliable dry powder inhaler for pulmonary drug delivery—A review for multidisciplinary researchers. Med Eng Phys, 2012, 34: 409-427
[9]
25 Walters D M, Cho H Y, Kleeberger S R. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: A potential role for Nrf2. Antioxid Redox Sign, 2008, 10: 321-332
33 Dhanda D S, Tyagi P, Mirvish S S, et al. Supercritical fluid technology based large porous celecoxib-PLGA microparticles do not induce pulmonary fibrosis and sustain drug delivery and efficacy for several weeks following a single dose. J Control Release, 2013, 168: 239-250
[12]
34 Oh Y J, Lee J, Seo J Y, et al. Preparation of budesonide-loaded porous PLGA microparticles and their therapeutic efficacy in a murine asthma model. J Control Release, 2011, 150: 56-62
[13]
36 Wessels A, Van Berlo D, Boots A W, et al. Oxidative stress and DNA damage responses in rat and mouse lung to inhaled carbon nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology, 2011, 5: 66-78
[14]
37 Li J J, Muralikrishnan S, Ng C T, et al. Nanoparticle-induced pulmonary toxicity. Exp Biol Med, 2010, 235: 1025-1033
[15]
38 Beyerle A, Irmler M, Beckers J, et al. Toxicity pathway focused gene expression profiling of PEI-based polymers for pulmonary applications. Mol Pharm, 2010, 7: 727-737
[16]
39 Nassimi M, Schleh C, Lauenstein H, et al. A toxicological evaluation of inhaled solid lipid nanoparticles used as a potential drug delivery system for the lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2010, 75: 107-116
[17]
40 Samy R P, Ng C T, Bay B H, et al. Carboxylate microsphere-induced cellular toxicity in human lung fibroblasts. Exp Biol Med, 2012, 237: 635-643
[18]
41 Musah S, DeJarnett N, Hoyle G W. Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates interactions between macrophages and epithelial cells underlying proinflammatory gene expression induced by particulate matter. Toxicology, 2012, 299: 125-132
[19]
42 M??tt? J, Lehto M, Leino M, et al. Mechanisms of particle-induced pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model: Exposure to wood dust. Toxicol Sci, 2006, 93: 96-104
[20]
43 Hofmann W. Modelling inhaled particle deposition in the human lung—A review. J Aerosol Sci, 2011, 42: 693-724
[21]
47 Shekunov B Y, Chattopadhyay P, Tong H H, et al. Particle size analysis in pharmaceutics: Principles, methods and applications. Pharm Res, 2007, 24: 203-227
[22]
49 Meenach S A, Kim Y J, Kauffman K J, et al. Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of camptothecin-loaded acetalated dextran porous microparticles for pulmonary delivery. Mol Pharm, 2012, 9: 290-298
51 Ungaro F, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Giovino C, et al. Insulin-loaded PLGA/cyclodextrin large porous particles with improved aerosolization properties: In vivo deposition and hypoglycaemic activity after delivery to rat lungs. J Control Release, 2009, 135: 25-34
[25]
56 Sinha B, Mukherjee B. Development of an inhalation chamber and a dry powder inhaler device for administration of pulmonary medication in animal model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2012, 38: 171-179
[26]
57 Sinha B, Mukherjee B, Pattnaik G. Poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles containing voriconazole for pulmonary delivery: In vitro and in vivo study. Nanomedicine, 2013, 9: 94-104
[27]
58 Steimer A, Haltner E, Lehr C M. Cell culture models of the respiratory tract relevant to pulmonary drug delivery. J Aerosol Med, 2005, 18: 137-182
[28]
59 Dong M, Mürdter T, Philippi C, et al. Pulmonary delivery and tissue distribution of aerosolized antisense 2′-O-Methyl RNA containing nanoplexes in the isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2012, 81: 478-485
[29]
62 Kim I, Byeon H J, Kim T H, et al. Doxorubicin-loaded porous PLGA microparticles with surface attached TRAIL for the inhalation treatment of metastatic lung cancer. Biomaterials, 2013, 34: 6444-6453
[30]
1 Mansour H M, Rhee Y S, Wu X. Nanomedicine in pulmonary delivery. Int J Nanomed, 2009, 4: 299-319
[31]
2 Sou T, Meeusen E N, de Veer M, et al. New developments in dry powder pulmonary vaccine delivery. Trends Biotechnol, 2011, 29: 191-198
7 Paggiaro P L, Dahle R, Bakran I, et al. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group. Lancet, 1998, 351: 773-780
[34]
8 Diab R, Brillault J, Bardy A, et al. Formulation and in vitro characterization of inhalable polyvinyl alcohol-free rifampicin-loaded PLGA microspheres prepared with sucrose palmitate as stabilizer: Efficiency for ex vivo alveolar macrophage targeting. Int J Pharm, 2012, 436: 833-839
[35]
9 Sharma R, Saxena D, Dwivedi A K, et al. Inhalable microparticles containing drug combinations to target alveolar macrophages for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pharm Res, 2001, 18: 1405-1410
[36]
10 Ward M E, Woodhouse A, Mather L E, et al. Morphine pharmacokinetics after pulmonary administration from a novel aerosol delivery system. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1997, 62: 596-609
[37]
11 Kim H, Park H, Lee J, et al. Highly porous large poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres adsorbed with palmityl-acylated exendin-4 as a long-acting inhalation system for treating diabetes. Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 1685-1693
[38]
12 Gupta V, Gupta N, Shaik I H, et al. Liposomal fasudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, for prolonged pulmonary preferential vasodilation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Control Release, 2013, 167: 189-199
[39]
15 Lee J, Oh Y J, Lee S K, et al. Facile control of porous structures of polymer microspheres using an osmotic agent for pulmonary delivery. J Control Release, 2010, 146: 61-67
18 Chen A Z, Yang Y M, Wang S B, et al. Preparation of methotrexate-loaded, large, highly-porous PLLA microspheres by a high-voltage electrostatic antisolvent process. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2013, 24: 1917-1925
[42]
19 Chen A Z, Zhao C, Wang S B, et al. Generation of porous poly-L-lactide microspheres by emulsion-combined precipitation with a compressed CO2 antisolvent process. J Mater Chem B, 2013, 1: 2967-2975
[43]
20 Kang Y Q, Zhao C, Chen A Z, et al. Study of lysozyme-loaded poly-L-lactide (PLLA) porous microparticles in a compressed CO2 antisolvent process. Materials, 2013, 6: 3571-3583
[44]
21 Musante C J, Schroeter J D, Rosati J A, et al. Factors affecting the deposition of inhaled porous drug particles. J Pharm Sci, 2002, 91: 1590-1600
[45]
22 Telko M J, Hickey A J. Dry powder inhaler formulation. Resp Care, 2005, 50: 1209-1227
[46]
27 Chou L, Firth J D, Nathanson D, et al. Effects of titanium on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of fibronectin in human fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res, 1996, 31: 209-217
[47]
28 BéruBé K, Aufderheide M, Breheny D, et al. In vitro models of inhalation toxicity and disease the report of a frame workshop. Atla-Altern Lab Anim 2009, 37: 89-141
[48]
29 Kim H, Lee J, Kim T H, et al. Albumin-coated porous hollow poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles bound with palmityl-acylated exendin-4 as a long-acting inhalation delivery system for the treatment of diabetes. Pharm Res, 2011, 28: 2008-2019
[49]
30 Patel B, Gupta V, Ahsan F. PEG-PLGA based large porous particles for pulmonary delivery of a highly soluble drug, low molecular weight heparin. J Control Release, 2012, 162: 310-320
[50]
31 Rawat A, Majumder Q H, Ahsan F. Inhalable large porous microspheres of low molecular weight heparin: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release, 2008, 128: 224-232
[51]
32 Willetts R. Development of a co-culture model of the human lungs for toxicity testing and identification of biomarkers of inhalation toxicity. Doctor Dissertation. Birmingham: Aston University, 2012
[52]
35 Chen A Z, Lin X F, Wang S B, et al. Biological evaluation of Fe3O4-poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide) magnetic microspheres prepared in supercritical CO2. Toxicol Lett, 2012, 212: 75-82
[53]
44 El-Sherbiny I M, Villanueva D G, Herrera D, et al. Overcoming lung clearance mechanisms for controlled release drug delivery. In: Smyth H D C, Hickey A J, eds. Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery. New York: Springer, 2011. 101-126
[54]
45 Yang Y, Bajaj N, Xu P, et al. Development of highly porous large PLGA microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 1947-1953
[55]
46 Nolan L M, Tajber L, McDonald B F, et al. Excipient-free nanoporous microparticles of budesonide for pulmonary delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2009, 37: 593-602
[56]
48 Jaafar-Maalej C, Andrieu V, Elaissari A, et al. Assessment methods of inhaled aerosols: Technical aspects and applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2009, 6: 941-959
[57]
52 Lee J, Lee C, Kim T H, et al. Pulmonary administered palmitic-acid modified exendin-4 peptide prolongs hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Regul Pept, 2012, 177: 68-72
[58]
53 Hadina S, Wohlford-Lenane C L, Thorne P S. Comparison of in vivo bioluminescence imaging and lavage biomarkers to assess pulmonary inflammation. Toxicology, 2012, 291: 133-138
[59]
54 Yoo N Y, Youn Y S, Oh N M, et al. Antioxidant encapsulated porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for developing long acting inhalation system. Colloids Surf B, 2011, 88: 419-424
[60]
55 Sakagami M. In vivo, in vitro and ex vivo models to assess pulmonary absorption and disposition of inhaled therapeutics for systemic delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2006, 58: 1030-1060
[61]
60 Selg E, Acevedo F, Nybom R, et al. Delivering horseradish peroxidase as a respirable powder to the isolated, perfused, and ventilated lung of the rat: The pulmonary disposition of an inhaled model biopharmaceutical. J Aerosol Med Pulm D, 2010, 23: 273-284
[62]
61 Kim I, Byeon H J, Kim T H, et al. Doxorubicin-loaded highly porous large PLGA microparticles as a sustained-release inhalation system for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. Biomaterials, 2012, 33: 5574-5583