1 Clutton-Brock T H. Ranging behaviour of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) in the Gombe National Park. Aim Behav, 1975, 23: 706-722
[2]
3 Digby L J, Barreto C E. Activity and ranging patterns in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Implications for reproductive strategies. In: Norconk M A, Rosenberger A L, Garber P A, eds. Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates. New York: Plenum Press, 1996. 173-185
[3]
5 Strier K B. Ranging behavior of woolly spider monkeys, or muriquis, Brachyteles Arachnoides. Int J Primatol, 1987, 8: 575-591
[4]
7 Milton K. The Foraging Strategy of Howler Monkeys: A Study in Primate Economics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980
[5]
13 Grueter C C, Li D Y, Ren B P, et al. Dietary profile of Rhinopithecus bieti and its socioecological implications. Int J Primatol, 2009, 30: 601-624
[6]
14 Curtin R A. The socio-ecology of the common langur, Presbytis entellus in the Nepal Himalaya. Doctor Dissertation. Oakland: University of California, 1975
[7]
21 Struhsaker T T. Ecology of an African Rain Forest: Logging in Kibale and the Conflict between Conservation and Exploitation. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997
[8]
22 Ganas J, Robbins M M. Ranging behavior of the mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: A test of the ecologiclal constraints model. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 2005, 58: 277-288
[9]
23 Lee R J. The impact of hunting and habitat disturbance on the population dynamics and behavioral ecology of the crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Doctor Dissertation. Eugene: University of Oregon, 1997
[10]
24 Li Y, Liao M, Yu J, et al. Effects of annual change in group size, human disturbances and weather on daily travel distance of a group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. Biodivers Sci, 2005, 13: 432-438
[11]
26 O'Brien T G, Kinnaird M F. Behavior, diet, and movements of the Sulawesi crested black macaque. Int J Primatol, 1997, 18: 321-351
[12]
28 Wieczkowski J. Examination of increased annual range of a Tana mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus) group. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2005, 128: 381-388.
[13]
29 Xiang Z F, Huo S, Wang L, et al. Distribution, status and conservation strategies of the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti in Tibet. Oryx, 2007, 41: 525-531
[14]
32 IUCN 2012. IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2012.1[2012-09-. http://www.iucnredlist.org
[15]
35 Zhang B K. Seasonal distribution in China. Acta Geogr Sin, 1934, 1: 1-18
[16]
36 Marsh C W. Ranging behaviour and its relation to diet selection in Tana River red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus). J Zool (Lond), 1981, 195: 473-492
[17]
37 Kirkpatrick R C. Ecology and behavior of the Yunnan Snub-nosed langur (Rhinopithecus bieti, Colobinae). Doctor Dissertation. Oakland: University of California, 1996
[18]
40 Oates J F. Food distribution and foraging behavior. In: Smuts B B, Cheney D L, Seyfarth R M, eds. Primate Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. 197-209
[19]
42 Chivers D J. Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Davies A G, Oates J F, eds. Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 205-227
[20]
45 Ren B P, Li M, Long Y C, et al. Influence of day length, ambient temperature, and seasonality on daily travel distance in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey at Jinsichang, Yunnan, China. Am J Primatol, 2009, 71: 233-241
[21]
55 Li Y. The effect of forest clear-cutting on habitat use in Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. Primates, 2004, 45: 69-72
[22]
56 Olupot W, Chapman C A, Brown C H, et al. Mangabey (Cercocebus albigena) population density, group size, and ranging: A 20 year comparison. Am J Primatol, 1994, 32: 197-205
[23]
58 Altmann S A. Baboons, space, time, and energy. Am Zool, 1974, 14: 221-248
[24]
59 Chapman C A, Wrangham R W, Chapman L J. Ecological constraints on group size: An analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups. Behav Ecol Sociobiol,1995, 36: 59-70
[25]
61 Gillespie T R, Chapman C A. Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius): An evaluation of the generality of the ecological-constraints model. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 2001, 50: 329-338
[26]
62 Bishop N H. Himalayan langurs: Temperate colobines. J Hum Evol, 1979, 8: 251-281
[27]
2 Kaplin B A. Ranging behavior of two species of guenons (Cercopithecus lhoesti and C. mitis doggetti) in the Nyungwe Forest Reserve, Rwanda. Int J Primatol, 2001, 22: 521-548
[28]
4 Olupot W, Chapman C A, Waser P M, et al. Mangabey (Cercocebus albigena) ranging patterns in relation to fruit availability and the risk of parasite infection in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am J Primatol, 1997, 43: 65-78
[29]
6 Achenbach G G, Snowdon C T. Costs of caregiving: Weight loss in captive adult male cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) following the birth of infants. Int J Primatol, 2002, 23: 179-189
[30]
8 Chapman C A. Patterns of foraging and range use by three species of neotropical primate. Primates, 1988, 29: 177-194
[31]
9 Latham R E, Ricklefs R E. Global patterns of tree species richness in moist forests: Energy-diversity theory does not account for variation in species richness. Oikos, 1993, 67: 325-333
[32]
10 Cramer W, Kicklighter D W, Bondeau A, et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Overview and key results. Glob Change Biol, 1999, 5: 1-15
[33]
11 Norberg P A. An ecological theory on foraging time and energetics and costs of optimal food searching method. J Anim Ecol, 1977, 46: 511-529
[34]
12 Stephens D W, Krebs J R. Foraging Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986
[35]
15 Bleisch W. Conservation of the Guizhou golden monkey. In: Xia W, Zhang Y, eds. Primate Research and Conservation. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1995. 150-156
[36]
16 Sayers K, Norconk M. Himalayan Semnopithecus entellus at Langtang National Park, Nepal: Diet, activity patterns, and resources. Int J Primatol, 2008, 29: 509-530
[37]
17 Nakagawa N. Bioenergetics of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) on Kinkazan Island during winter. Primates, 1989, 30: 441-460
[38]
18 Mènard N, Vallet D. Behavioral responses of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) to variations in environmental conditions in Algeria. Am J Primatol, 1997, 43: 285-304
[39]
19 Ding W, Zhao Q K. Rhinopithecus bieti at Tacheng, Yunnan: Diet and daytime activities. Int J Primatol, 2004, 25: 583-598
[40]
20 Guo S, Li B, Watanabe K. Diet and activity budget of Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China. Primates, 2007, 48: 268-276
[41]
25 Li Z, Rogers M E. Habitat quality and range use of white headed langurs in Fusui, China. Folia Primatol, 2005, 76: 185-195
[42]
27 Singh M, Kumara H N, Ananda Kumar M, et al. Behavioral responses of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) to a changing habitat in a tropical rain forest fragment in Western Ghats, India. Folia Primatol, 2001, 72: 278-291
[43]
30 Long Y C, Kirkpatrick R C, Zhong T, et al. Report on the distribution, population, and ecology of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti. Primates, 1994, 35: 241-250
[44]
31 Long Y, Wu R. Population, home range, conservation status of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti). Abstracts of the China Fusui International Primatological Symposium, 2006, 10-11
[45]
33 Xiang Z F, Huo S, Xiao W, er al. Diet and feeding behavior of Rhinopithecus bieti at Xiaochangdu, Tibet: Adaptations to a marginal environment. Am J Primatol, 2007, 69: 1141-1158
[46]
34 Xiang Z F, Huo S, Xiao W. Habitat selection of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Tibet: Implications for species conservation. Am J Primatol, 2011, 73: 347-355
[47]
38 Xiang Z F, Huo S, Xiao W, et al. Terrestrial behavior and forest strata use in a group of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti) at Xiaochangdu, Tibet. Curr Zool, 2009, 55: 180-187
[48]
39 Chapman C A, Chapman L J. Dietary variability in primate populations. Primates, 1990, 31: 121-128
[49]
41 Kay R N B, Davies A G. Digestive physiology. In: Davies A G, Oates J F, eds. Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 229-250
[50]
43 Kirkpatrick R C, Long Y C, Zhong T, et al. Social organization and range use in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti. Int J Primatol, 1998, 19: 13-51
[51]
44 Grueter C C, Li D Y, van Schaik C P, et al. Ranging of Rhinopithecus bieti in the Samage Forest, China.Ⅰ. Characteristics of range use. Int J Primatol, 2008, 29: 1121-1145
[52]
46 Liu Z H, Ding W, Grueter C C. Seasonal variation in ranging patterns of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti at Mt. Fuhe, China. Acta Zool Sin, 50: 691-696
[53]
47 Huo S. Diet and habitat use of Rhinopithecus bieti at Mt Longma, Yunnan, and phylogeny of the family Viverridae in China. Doctor Dissertation. Kunming: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 2005
[54]
48 Li B, Chen C, Ji W, et al. Seasonal home range changes of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China. Folia Primatol, 2000, 71: 375-386
[55]
49 Tan C L, Guo S, Li B. Population structure and ranging patterns of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, China. Int J Primatol, 2007, 28: 577-591
[56]
50 Su Y J, Ren R M, Yan K H, et al. Preliminary survey of the home range and range behavior of golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shengnongjia National Natural Reserve, Hubei, China. In: Jablonski N G, ed. The Natural History of the Doucs and Snub-Nosed Monkeys. Singapore: World Scientific Press, 1998. 255-277
52 Li Y K, Jiang Z G, Li C W, et al. Effects of seasonal folivory and frugivory on ranging patterns in Rhinopithecus roxellana. Int J Primatol, 2010, 31: 609-626
[59]
53 Li Y. The seasonal daily travel in a group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Pygathrix roxellana) in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. Primates, 2004, 43: 271-276
[60]
54 Strier K B. Food, Foraging and Females: Primates Behavioural Ecology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2003
[61]
57 Butynski T M. Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high- and low-density subpopulation. Ecol Monogr, 1990, 60: 1-26
[62]
60 Janson C H, Goldsmith M L. Predicting group size in primates: Foraging costs and predation risks. Behav Ecol, 1995, 6: 326-336
[63]
63 Takasaki H. Troop size, habitat quality, and home range area in Japanese macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 1981, 9: 277-281
