全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
科学通报  2013 

中国国情环境下CdTe光伏的全周期镉排放分析

DOI: 10.1360/972013-228, PP. 1833-1844

Keywords: 光伏,碲化镉,镉排放,全周期分析,薄膜

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

结合中国的实际国情,对碲化镉薄膜光伏技术产业在中国生产和使用的全周期进行预测分析,讨论了该产业潜在的镉排放问题.经对比分析发现,这种光伏发电形式的镉总排放率只有当前中国火力发电的1/13.但是其中采用化学回收技术对报废组件进行资源再生的环节排放率弹性很大,需给予特别关注.总体上,我们预测在中国生产和应用碲化镉薄膜光伏系统引起的镉排放仅有364.6mgCdGW-1h-1,远低于煤电的4900mgCdGW-1h-1.所产生的环境效益比在美国更大.

References

[1]  5 Springer Materials - The Landolt-B?rnstein Database (http://www.springermaterials.com). doi: 10.1007/10681719_621
[2]  6 U.S. Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, First Solar, Inc. Nomination of Cadmium Telluride to the National Toxicology Program. United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2003
[3]  7 Mineral Commodity Summaries. Technical Report. US Geological Survey, 2010
[4]  9 Plotnikov V, Liu X, Kwon D, et al. Thin-film CdTe cells: Reducing the CdTe. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519: 7134-7137
[5]  11 熊绍珍, 朱美芳. 太阳能电池基础与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009. 478
[6]  14 Zweibel K. The impact of tellurium supply on cadmium telluride photovoltaics. Science, 2010, 328: 699-701
[7]  15 Fthenakis V. Sustainability of photovoltaics: The case for thin-film solar cells. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 2009, 13: 2746-2750
[8]  16 Yang X W. Market analysis on the selenium and tellurium. In: Proceedings of China International Copper Forum, 2005. 122-131
[9]  17 Ullal H S. Thin film solar electric technologies: An update. In: Solar Power International, Anaheim, 2009
[10]  21 Steinberger H. Health and environmental risks from the operation of CdTe and CIS thin film modules. In: 2nd World Conference on PV Solar Energy Conversions. Vienna: Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 1997
[11]  22 Fthenakis V M, Fuhrmann M, Heiser J, et al. Emissions and encapsulation of cadmium in CdTe PV modules during fires. Prog Photovolt: Res App, 2005, 13: 713-723
[12]  26 中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准, 固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法(HJ/T299-2007). 北京: 中华人民共和国环境保护部, 2007
[13]  27 中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准, 危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别(GB 5085.3-2007). 北京: 中华人民共和国环境保护部, 2007
[14]  28 Fthenakis V, Moskowitz P. Thin-film photovoltaic cells: Health and environmental issues in their manufacture, use and disposal. Prog Photovolt: Res App, 1995, 3: 295-306
[15]  31 Bohland J, Anisimov I I, Dapkus T J, et al. Reclaiming metallic material from an article comprising a non-metallic friable substrate. US Patent, US 6391165, 2002-5-21
[16]  34 Fthenakis V M, Kim H C. Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle of CdTe photovoltaics. Mater Res Soc Sym Proc, 2006, 0895-G03-06.1
[17]  35 Zayed J, Philippe S. Acute oral and inhalation toxicities in rats with cadmium telluride. Int J Toxicol, 2009, 28: 259-265
[18]  36 Lovri? J, Cho S J, Maysinger D, et al. Unmodified cadmium telluride quantum dots induce reactive oxygen species formation leading to multiple organelle damage and cell death. Chem Biol, 2005, 12: 1227-1234
[19]  39 Wild-Scholten M de, Wambach K, Ja¨ ger-Waldau A, et al. Implications of EU environmental legislation for PV. In: Proceedings of 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Barcelona: James & James Science publishers, 2005
[20]  1 Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables. Prog Photovolt Res Appl, 2013, 21: 1-11
[21]  2 Kazmerski L L. Solar photovoltaics R&D at the tipping point: A 2005 technology overview. J Electron Spectrosc, 2006, 150: 105-135
[22]  3 赵玉文. 中国光伏产业发展现状与前景. 第十二届中国光伏会议及国际光伏展会, 北京, 2012
[23]  4 Fthenakis V M. Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production. Ren Sust Energ Rev, 2004, 8: 303-334
[24]  8 Plotnikov V V, Kwon D, Compaan A D, et al. 10% efficiency solar cells with 0.5 μm of CdTe. In: Proceedings of the 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Philadelphia: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Inc., 2009
[25]  10 McCandless B, Buchanan W. High throughput processing of CdTe/CdS solar cells with thin absorber layers. In: Proceedings of the 33th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. San Diego: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Inc., 2008
[26]  12 铅锌行业准入条件. 北京: 国家发展和改革委员会公告第13号, 2007
[27]  13 Green M. Estimates of Te and In prices from direct mining of known ores. Prog Photovolt: Res App, 2009, 17: 347-359
[28]  18 Luque A, Hegedus S. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003
[29]  19 Bohland J R, Smigielski K. First Solar’s CdTe module manufacturing experience; environmental, health and safety results. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Anchorage: Institute of electrical and Electronic Engineers Inc., 2000
[30]  20 Steinberger H. HSE for CdTe and CIS thin film module operation. In: Niewlaar E, Alsema E, eds. IEA expert workshop “Environmental aspects of PV power systems”. The Netherlands: Utrecht University, Report No. 97072, 1997
[31]  23 Underwriters Laboratories. UL1256 Standard: Fire test of Roof Deck Constructions, October 2002, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL
[32]  24 American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM E119-98, Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials (UBC Standard No. 71), April 2001, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA
[33]  25 国家危险废物名录. 北京: 中华人民共和国环境保护部令第1号, 2008
[34]  29 Bohland J, Anisimov I, Dapkus T. Economic recycling of CdTe photovoltaic modules. In: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Anaheim: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Inc., 1997
[35]  30 Fthenakis V. End-of life management and recycling of PV modules. Energy Policy, 2000, 28: 1051-1058
[36]  32 国家能源局发布2012年全社会用电量. 北京: 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会, 2013
[37]  33 花福志. 电袋复合除尘器在火电厂的应用. 企业技术开发, 2012, 8: 88-89
[38]  37 Fthenakis V, Morris S, Morgan D, et al. Toxicity of cadmium telluride, copper indium diselenide, and copper gallium diselenide. Prog in Photovolt: Res App, 1999, 7: 489-497
[39]  38 Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003. 2003, Offic J Eur Union, 37: 19-23
[40]  40 电子信息产品污染控制管理办法. 北京: 中华人民共和国信息产业部, 第39号令, 2007电子信息产品污染控制重点管理目录(第一批). 北京: 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部, 2009

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133