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棉花学报  2015 

膜下滴灌高产棉花根、冠生物量累积特性研究

DOI: 10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201505006, PP. 427-434

Keywords: 棉花,生物量,高产,根冠比,膜下滴灌

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Abstract:

在新疆膜下滴灌大田条件下,选用新陆早43号和新陆早45号2个棉花品种,测定不同产量水平棉田棉株根系生物量及其空间分布、地上部生物量、根冠比等,分析滴灌棉花产量形成过程中根、冠生物量的累积特征。结果表明与一般产量棉田及中低产棉田相比,高产棉田在整个生育期根系生物量较高、中下层根系分布比例较大,棉株总生物量、地上部生物量、棉铃生物量均较高,根冠比较低;产量构成因子表现为总铃数较多、铃重较高。高产棉花由于其生物量快速累积起始时间较早、累积速率快,进而棉株根系生物量、总生物量累积多。因此,根据参试棉花品种的生育特点,在适期早播促生育进程提前、前期营养器官稳健生长的前提下,采取水肥后移或适当推迟停水时间,可适度增加棉花中下层根系分布,降低根冠比,提高光合产物向棉铃的分配比例,增加铃重,进一步提高棉花产量。

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