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棉花学报  2012 

豫北露地直播棉田杂草的发生及其与棉花的竞争作用

DOI: 1002-7807(2012)01-0091-06, PP. 91-96

Keywords: 棉花,豫北,混生杂草,优势种,竞争作用,产量构成因素

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Abstract:

为了明确棉田自然混生杂草对棉花的危害程度及其关键防除时期,通过田间杂草共生期试验,研究了豫北露地直播棉田杂草的发生及其与棉花的竞争临界期。结果表明,豫北地区露地直播棉田的优势杂草为牛筋草、马齿苋、藜和鳢肠,杂草出土高峰期集中在棉花苗期和花蕾期,且存在3个出土高峰,分别在5月中旬、6月上中旬和7月中下旬。当杂草与棉花竞争持续时间少于4周时,由于杂草与棉花植株均较小,且土壤中养分相对充足,因此杂草对棉花生长和产量的影响不大;当杂草与棉花竞争期达8周以上时,杂草对棉花的竞争作用明显增强,棉花的株数减少,茎秆变细,形成瘦高植株,且单株结铃数、铃重等产量指标明显降低。因此,豫北棉田自然混生杂草群落与棉花的竞争临界期为棉花出苗后4~8周,在此期间应采取相应措施,保证田间无草害。

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