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棉花学报  2013 

不同土壤水分条件下棉花库源比变化对产量形成的调节效应

DOI: 1002-7807(2013)02-0169-09, PP. 169-177

Keywords: 棉花,源库调节,土壤水分,光合作用,物质积累

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Abstract:

在新疆气候生态条件下,以不同叶型棉花品种为材料,设置不同土壤水分处理,采用人工减源疏库的方法,研究不同土壤水分条件下库源比变化对棉花产量形成的影响。结果表明,中叶型品种新陆早13号在中水(控制0~60cm土壤相对含水量的下限为田间持水量的70%~75%)条件下,叶源轻度胁迫显著增强剩余叶片光合能力,但光合物质累积量及向生殖器官的分配率和单株结铃数、铃重均未发生明显变化,子棉产量与对照无明显差异;鸡脚叶型品种标杂A1在高水(控制0~60cm土壤相对含水量的下限为田间持水量的85%~90%)条件下,库容轻度胁迫后叶片光合速率和光合物质累积量与对照无明显差异,但光合产物向蕾铃的分配加快,铃重增大,子棉产量有所增加;小叶型品种新陆早10号减源或疏库后子棉产量均显著低于对照。因此,依据不同类型棉花源库关系对土壤水分的响应不同,通过棉田水分管理对源库进行调节,建立合理的库源比,可进一步提高水分利用效率和棉花产量。

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