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棉花学报  2014 

灌溉水盐度和施氮量对棉花根系分布影响研究

DOI: 1002-7807(2014)01-0058-08, PP. 58-65

Keywords: 棉花,咸水,根质量,根长密度,空间分布

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Abstract:

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同灌溉水盐度和施氮量对滴灌棉花根系分布的影响。试验设置3种灌溉水盐度;0.35、4.61和8.04dS·m-1(分别代表淡水、微咸水和咸水三种灌溉水类型);施氮量为0、240、360和480kg·hm-2。结果表明,按质量计,棉花的根主要分布在0~20cm,此部分占根总质量的85%~90%。微咸水和咸水灌溉棉花根的总质量显著降低,分别较淡水灌溉减少10%和36%,尤其在土壤表层0~20cm和下层60~100cm显著降低;施用氮肥可以显著增加棉花根的质量。以长度计,棉花根集中分布在0~60cm,此部分占总根长的87%~96%;60cm以下根长密度明显降低。微咸水灌溉棉花根长密度最大,其次是咸水,淡水灌溉最低;淡水灌溉下,根长密度随施氮量增加显著降低;微咸水和咸水灌溉下,根长密度随施氮量增加呈先增后降趋势,其中施氮240kg·hm-2最高。棉花根表面积表现为微咸水>淡水>咸水,平均根直径为微咸水>咸水>淡水,而不同灌溉水处理间根体积的差异不显著。随着施氮量的增加,根表面积、根体积和平均直径均显著降低。

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