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棉花学报  2015 

黄河流域棉区早衰棉田土壤肥力综合评价

DOI: 10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201503007, PP. 241-247

Keywords: 棉花,早衰,土壤肥力,综合评价

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Abstract:

通过调查黄河流域棉区149个采样点早衰棉田和正常棉田土壤养分情况,构建土壤综合肥力指数(Integratedfertilityindex,IFI),研究引起棉花早衰发生的土壤养分原因。结果表明早衰棉田土壤肥力各指标均低于正常棉田,其中0~20cm土层的有机质和钾含量差异极显著。调查区域0~20cm土层,正常生长棉田的IFI值为0.41,早衰棉田仅为正常棉田的75.6%;20~40cm土层的IFI值显著低于0~20cm土层,正常棉田的IFI值为早衰棉田的1.67倍。土层各肥力指标对IFI影响的直接通径系数0~20cm从大到小的顺序为速效钾、速效磷、全氮、有机质、碱解氮含量,20~40cm从大到小的顺序为为速效钾、速效磷、有机质、全氮含量;间接通径系数0~20cm土层从大到小的顺序是碱解氮、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量;20~40cm从大到小的的顺序为有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷含量。综合分析,IFI与棉花早衰密切相关,其值越小越易引起早衰的发生,其中钾素和碱解氮分别是对IFI产生直接影响和间接影响的最大营养元素,大田生产中需要合理施入钾肥和氮肥,合理调节IFI值,方能有效防控因土壤肥力引发的棉田早衰的发生。

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