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棉花学报  2015 

不同滴灌施肥方式对棉田土壤含水率、硝态氮分布及对产量的影响

DOI: 10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201504005, PP. 329-336

Keywords: 膜下滴灌变量控制施肥,土壤质量含水率,土壤硝态氮,产量,施肥模式

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Abstract:

研究不同施肥方式（滴灌变量控制施肥和压差式滴灌施肥）和施肥时段，对棉田土壤质量含水率、硝态氮分布和产量的影响。结果表明施肥过程中前期施入氮肥、后期再灌水，氮素会被淋洗到下层土壤，不利于氮素利用率的提高。两种施肥方式中N-W-N（前期施入氮肥、中间以清水灌溉、后期再施氮肥）处理土壤水和硝态氮集中分布在土层30～40cm，分别比CK增产45.03%和35.50%。变量施肥方式比压差式施肥方式优越，前者各处理的土壤质量含水率和硝态氮分布均匀，平均产量为5979.12kg·hm－2，比压差式施肥方式平均提高了3.31%。综合考虑，从提高土壤氮素利用率和增产的角度分析，推荐滴灌变量控制施肥方式进行施肥，且以(N-W-N)为主。

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