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科学通报  2011 

记忆面孔,男女有别:关于面孔再认性别差异的行为与ERP研究

DOI: 10.1360/972010-1449, PP. 1112-1123

Keywords: 性别差异,面孔加工,记忆,事件相关电位

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Abstract:

采用行为实验及事件相关电位技术,通过学习-测验范式考察面孔再认中的性别差异,结果发现(ⅰ)女性面孔更容易被记住,且女性很可能比男性更擅长记忆面孔.(ⅱ)旧面孔诱发的N170波幅更大,表明该脑电成分可受到面孔熟悉度的调制.(ⅲ)女性面孔诱发的N170波幅更大,而男性面孔引发的P2波幅更大;前者可能与女性面孔可变化的特征较多、需要更大的心理负载有关;后者可能与男性面孔可变化的特征较少、再认难度较大,从而需要更深的加工有关.(ⅳ)新旧面孔诱发女性被试的P1波幅存在差异,但男性被试身上不存在此现象,提示女性的脑活动可能比男性更早地受面孔的熟悉度所调制.此外,女性被试对于新旧面孔还表现出P2,N250波幅的差异,且女性被试新旧效应涉及的头皮范围比男性更广,这些都为女性较好的面孔再认能力提供了电生理证据.

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