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科学通报  2011 

中国区域土壤湿度变化的时空特征模拟研究

, PP. 1288-1300

Keywords: 土壤湿度变化,时空特征,CLM3.5,中国区域

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Abstract:

建立基于气象台站观测资料的陆面模式(CLM3.5)大气驱动场(ObsFC),驱动CLM3.5模拟了中国区域1951~2008年的土壤湿度变化.其结果与站点观测和遥感反演及不同陆面模式模拟的土壤湿度比较检验表明CLM3.5/ObsFC合理再现了中国区域土壤湿度的时空特征和长期变化趋势,并且基于观测资料建立的大气驱动场在一定程度上能够提高CLM3.5模拟土壤湿度的准确度.土壤湿度模拟分析显示中国区域土壤湿度空间分布具有由东南向西北逐渐减小的总体特征和干湿相间分布的带状结构.土壤湿度的低值区主要分布在新疆南部和内蒙古西部地区,高值区主要分布在东北平原、江淮地区和长江流域.土壤湿度的长期变化,干旱和湿润地区湿度呈增加趋势,干旱区20世纪70年代中期至90年代中期变化最为强烈,湿润区除1970前后和2003年之后变化较明显外,整个序列比较稳定;半干旱地区呈减小的趋势,且20世纪90年代以后下降趋势更加明显.1951~2008年干旱、半干旱和湿润典型区平均体积百分比土壤湿度分别变化了2.35,-1.26和0.08.不同区域土壤湿度变化趋势和强度有明显差异,变化最显著的区域主要分布在35°N以北的干旱、半干旱区.

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