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科学通报  2014 

神经心理学损害:重性抑郁障碍患者自我加工效应的异常

DOI: 10.1360/csb2014-59-13-1223, PP. 1223-1229

Keywords: 重性抑郁障碍,神经心理学,认知功能,自我面孔识别,自我加工自我异常

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Abstract:

现有的文献证据显示,神经心理学损害已被确立为抑郁症的一个非常重要的特征,但关于抑郁症患者具体的神经心理学损害尚未总结出公认的模型.本研究采用自我面孔识别(self-facerecognition,SFR)这一经典的神经心理学范式探讨重性抑郁障碍患者的自我是否受损.本实验招募了18例抑郁症患者和20例健康被试进行SFR测试.实验中采用面孔合成技术测量了与控制组被试相比,抑郁症患者在不同面孔识别任务中所表现出来的面孔识别加工偏向性大小.方差分析结果表明不同被试组别的主效应显著(F(1,36)=7.388,P=0.01).随后的独立样本t检验进一步揭示了抑郁症患者在自我-名人和自我-陌生人任务上分别表现出来的自我偏向(t=2.636,P=0.012)和自我识别偏向(t=2.190,P=0.035)均显著大于对照组.抑郁症患者存在自我加工和自我识别加工的损害,表明抑郁症个体确实存在自我异常水平.以上调查结果为进一步研究抑郁症的病因病理机制提供了新的视角.

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[48]  7 De Raedt R, Koster E H. Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 2010, 10: 50-70
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[52]  11 Keenan J P, Wheeler M A, Gallup G J, et al. Self-recognition and the right prefrontal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci, 2000, 4: 338-344
[53]  12 Ma Y, Han S. Why we respond faster to the self than to others? An implicit positive association theory of self-advantage during implicit face recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 2010, 36: 619-633
[54]  13 Tong F, Nakayama K. Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 1999, 25: 1016-1035
[55]  14 Gallop G J. Chimpanzees: Self-recognition. Science, 1970, 167: 86-87
[56]  15 Anderson J R, Gallup G J. Which primates recognize themselves in mirrors? PLoS Biol, 2011, 9: e1001024
[57]  20 Mcbain R, Norton D, Chen Y. A female advantage in basic face recognition is absent in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 2010, 177: 12-17
[58]  21 Hecht D. Schizophrenia, the sense of ‘self' and the right cerebral hemisphere. Med Hypotheses, 2010, 74: 186-188
[59]  22 Chen Y, Cataldo A, Norton D J, et al. Distinct facial processing in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Schizophr Res, 2012, 134: 95-100
[60]  23 Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1960, 23: 56-62
[61]  24 Zhu Y, Qi J, Zhang J. Self-face identification in Chinese students. Acta Psychol Sin, 2004, 36: 442-447
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[67]  34 Derry P A, Kuiper N A. Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression. J Abnorm Psychol, 1981, 90: 286-297
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[69]  36 Northoff G, Bermpohl F. Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends Cogn Sci, 2004, 8: 102-107
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[79]  19 Lee J, Kwon J S, Shin Y W, et al. Visual self-recognition in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 2007, 94: 215-220
[80]  27 Uddin L Q, Kaplan J T, Molnar-Szakacs I, et al. Self-face recognition activates a frontoparietal “mirror” network in the right hemisphere: An event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 2005, 25: 926-935
[81]  28 Kircher T T, Seiferth N Y, Plewnia C, et al. Self-face recognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 2007, 94: 264-272
[82]  29 Zhang L, Zhu H, Xu M, et al. Selective impairment in recognizing the familiarity of self faces in Schizophrenia. Chin Sci Bull, 2012, 57: 1818-1823
[83]  30 Northoff G, Heinzel A, Bermpohl F, et al. Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study on emotional- cognitive interaction. Hum Brain Mapp, 2004, 21: 202-212
[84]  31 Mor N, Winquist J. Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 2002, 128: 638-662
[85]  32 Young K D, Bellgowan P S, Bodurka J, et al. Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of autobiographical memory deficits in patients with depression and individuals at high risk for depression. JAMA Psychiatry, 2013, 70: 698-708
[86]  37 Ma Y, Han S. Functional dissociation of the left and right fusiform gyrus in self-face recognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012, 33: 2255-2267
[87]  38 Lou H C, Luber B, Crupain M, et al. Parietal cortex and representation of the mental Self. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101: 6827-6832
[88]  39 Heinzel A, Bermpohl F, Niese R, et al. How do we modulate our emotions? Parametric fMRI reveals cortical midline structures as regions specifically involved in the processing of emotional valences. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 2005, 25: 348-358
[89]  40 Grimm S, Schmidt C F, Bermpohl F, et al. Segregated neural representation of distinct emotion dimensions in the prefrontal cortex—An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 2006, 30: 325-340
[90]  41 Hipwell A E, Sapotichne B, Klostermann S, et al. Autobiographical memory as a predictor of depression vulnerability in girls. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 2011, 40: 254-265
[91]  42 Bennett M R. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: Modulation by hypothalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Prog Neurobiol, 2011, 93: 468-487
[92]  43 Phillips M L, Drevets W C, Rauch S L, et al. Neurobiology of emotion perception II: Implications for major psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry, 2003, 54: 515-528
[93]  44 Mayberg H S. Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment. Br Med Bull, 2003, 65: 193-207
[94]  45 Gualtieri C T, Johnson L G, Benedict K B. Neurocognition in depression: Patients on and off medication versus healthy comparison subjects. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci, 2006, 18: 217-225
[95]  46 Cassano G B, Puca F, Scapicchio P L, et al. Paroxetine and fluoxetine effects on mood and cognitive functions in depressed nondemented elderly patients. J Clin Psychiatry, 2002, 63: 396-402
[96]  47 Savaskan E, Müller S E, B?hringer A, et al. Antidepressive therapy with escitalopram improves mood, cognitive symptoms, and identity memory for angry faces in elderly depressed patients. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2008, 11: 381-388
[97]  48 Bowie C R, McLaughlin D, Carrión R E, et al. Cognitive changes following antidepressant or antipsychotic treatment in adolescents at clinical risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res, 2012, 137: 110-117
[98]  49 Barkin R L, Schwer W A, Barkin S J. Recognition and management of depression in primary care: A focus on the elderly. A pharmacotherapeutic overview of the selection process among the traditional and new antidepressants. Am J Ther, 2000, 7: 205-226
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