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科学通报  2014 

起航三维基因组学研究

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00163, PP. 1165-1172

Keywords: 三维基因组学,ChIA-PETHi-C

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Abstract:

人类基因组测序完成已有十多年.但是,基因组信息如何指导基因在特定空间和时间表达的机理仍有待阐明.“结构决定功能”是认识自然规律中的一个共识.在生物学中,这一共识不仅适用于RNA、蛋白质等小规模的有机分子,同样也应该适用于全基因组这样的DNA大分子.最近的研究表明,基因组的三维空间结构对基因组的表达、调控等功能有重要的影响.因此,研究全基因组的三维空间结构和功能成为基因组学一个新发展趋势.基因组三维空间结构与功能的研究简称三维基因组学,是指在考虑基因组序列、基因结构及其调控元件的同时,对基因组序列在细胞核内的三维空间结构,及其对基因转录、复制、修复和调控等生物过程中功能的研究.随着大规模基因组测序技术的发展,我们已经拥有研究三维基因组的相关技术如ChIA-PET和Hi-C.初步的ChIA-PET和Hi-C数据分析展示了基因组三维空间结构对基因组功能的意义,为进一步研究基因组三维空间结构和功能提供了基础.本文总结了三维基因组学研究的发展,概括了三维基因组学研究中的问题和目前的进展,并讨论了可能的应用前景.登高更见远,期待三维基因组学研究将深化对生命现象和规律的认识,为基础生物学发展带来新契机、为更进一步推动生物医学及农业应用打下坚实的基础.

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