8 Li C Y, Mu M Q, Zhou G Q. Subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the Pacific warm pool and ENSO occurrence. Programme on Weather Prediction Research Report, WMO/TD No.979, Geneve, 1999
10 Chao J P, Yuan S Y, Chao Q C, et al. A data analysis study on the evolution of the EI Ni？o/La Ni？a cycle. Adv Atmos Sci, 2002, 19: 837-844
[4]
23 Feng J, Wang L, Chen W, et al. Different impacts of two types of Pacific Ocean warming on Southeast Asian rainfall during boreal winter. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014761
[5]
24 Feng J, Chen W, Tam C Y, et al. Different impacts of El Ni？o and El Ni？o Modoki on China rainfall in the decaying phases. Int J Climatol, 2011, 31: 2091-2101
[6]
26 Yuan Y, Yang S. Impacts of different types of El Ni？o on the East Asian climate: Focus on ENSO cycles. J Clim, 2012, 25: 7702-7722
[7]
27 Yu J Y, Zou Y. The enhanced drying effect of Central-Pacific El Ni？o on US winter. Environ Res Lett, 2013, 8, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014019
[8]
28 Takahashi K, Montecinos A, Goubanova K, et al. ENSO regimes: Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki El Ni？o. Geophys Res Lett, 2011, 38, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047364
[9]
29 Ren H L, Jin F F. Ni？o indices for two types of ENSO. Geophys Res Lett, 2011, 38, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046031
[10]
32 Ramesh N, Murtugudde R. All flavours of El Ni？o have similar early subsurface origins. Nat Clim Change, 2013, 3: 42-46
[11]
33 Qian W H, Hu H R. Signal propagation and linkages of subsurface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean. Prog Nat Sci, 2005, 15: 804-809
20 Weng H, Behera S K, Yamagata T. Anomalous winter climate conditions in the Pacific rim during recent El Ni？o Modoki and El Ni？o events. Clim Dyn, 2009, 32: 663-674
[31]
21 Yuan Y, Yang S, Zhang Z Q. Different evolutions of the Philippine Sea anticyclone between Eastern and Central Pacific El Ni？o: Effects of Indian Ocean SST. J Clim, 2012, 25: 7867-7883
25 Feng J, Li J. Influence of El Ni？o Modoki on spring rainfall over south China. J Geophys Res, 2011, 116, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015160
[34]
30 Yu J Y, Kao H Y, Lee T, et al. Subsurface ocean temperature indices for Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific types of El Ni？o and La Ni？a events. Theor Appl Climatol, 2011, 103: 337-344
36 Gill A E. An estimation of sea-level and surface-current anomalies during the 1972 El Ni？o and consequent thermal effects. J Phys Oceanogr, 1983, 13: 586-606
