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科学通报  2014 

词形结构进化与世界语言的多样性

DOI: 10.1360/csb2014-59-21-2084, PP. 2084-2090

Keywords: 词形结构,语言基因,语言多样性,偏移量模型,地理分布

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Abstract:

世界语言的基本差异源于词形结构(WSS),而不是区别性的音素.语言的多样性似乎来自词形结构的演化结果,取决于音节构造形态类型和词的音节长度.本文采集世界179种语言的Swadesh词表来分析词形结构多样性指数的地理分布,并尝试发现它们在演化过程中的进化位置和深度.通过建立理想词形结构偏移量模型,计算每种语言的偏移距离和偏移方向,根据分析结果把语言划分成3组,每一组代表一种演化类型.得出词形结构的多样性和偏移量模型代表了人类语言演化的多样性方向和演化过程,当今每种语言都在一定程度上保留了词形结构最基本的特征,因此,词形结构可以视为人类语言“基因”.

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