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科学通报  2014 

冬季极赤温差年际变化及其与东亚气候异常的联系

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00035, PP. 2720-2727

Keywords: 极赤温差,年际变化,东亚气候异常

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Abstract:

利用美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,定义了冬季极赤温差(temperaturedifferencebetweenpolarandequatorialregions,TDPE)指数,分析了地面以上2m处极赤温差指数(ITDPE-S)的年际变化及其与同期东亚冬季降水、气温的关系.结果表明ITDPE-S可反映出全球变暖过程中北半球高纬地区冬季地面温度显著升高,且在年际时间尺度上存在4~8a的周期变化.ITDPE-S与东亚冬季降水和气温存在很好的相关.当ITDPE-S偏高(偏低)时,中国东北、新疆、河西走廊、日本海以及南中国海到菲律宾岛地区冬季降水增加(减少),对应着中国华北到东北地区冬季平均气温降低(升高).进一步研究发现,ITDPE-S高值年,东亚中纬度地区异常水汽主要来自西北太平洋,低纬度地区降水异常时的水汽主要来自热带海洋上空.水平温度平流引起的异常降温可部分解释东亚中纬度地区冬季平均气温异常偏低.这些结果对深刻认识大气环流异常的形成机理及其影响具有重要意义.

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