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科学通报  2014 

飞秒脉冲激光穿越大气层的特性

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00392, PP. 3453-3461

Keywords: 飞秒激光脉冲,大气折射,大气脉冲展宽,瑞利脉宽

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Abstract:

对不同脉宽、不同中心波长、不同入射天顶角情况下飞秒激光脉冲在大气层中的传输特性进行了数值模拟.理论计算结果表明,在50km高空大气的二阶色散值为3.44×10-6ps2/km,与大气在海平面的二阶色散值(2.09×10-2ps2/km)相比,约小4个数量级;在激光脉冲非垂直发射情况下,当入射天顶角小于60°时,谱宽为40nm的飞秒激光脉冲的蒙气差值、大气角色散值以及时域色散导致的脉冲展宽量均会随入射天顶角缓慢增加,当入射天顶角大于60°时,这种增长会急剧变大.大气的角色散作用还会使传输光束的横向尺寸和光谱空间分布发生改变,但其改变量要远小于直径为200mm的光束的衍射效应产生的相应变化.在垂直发射条件下,对于厚度为50km的大气层而言,800,1064,1550nm三个不同中心波长的瑞利脉冲宽度分别为700,605,495fs.由于入射天顶角的增加直接导致有效传输光程增加,随着入射天顶角由0°增至90°,瑞利脉宽单调增加,最大可增至垂直发射时的3倍左右.

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