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科学通报  2015 

空间机器人的研究与仿壁虎机器人关键技术

DOI: 10.1360/N972015-00582, PP. 3114-3124

Keywords: 空间机器人,在轨服务,干黏附,仿壁虎黏附

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Abstract:

简要回顾了国内外空间机器人的应用需求、结构性能和未来发展,提出空间机器人面临的科学问题和关键技术.空间机器人可分为机械臂系统、带陪护功能的机器人和检测服务机器人,特别关注基于范德华力机制,有望实现微重力下在空间站表面实现仿生壁虎机器人及干黏附的进展和关键技术.机械臂系统应特别关注满足高刚度结构轻量化需求的新材料、新设计和新制造技术、机械臂-作业对象-空间站多体系统动力学、真空-微重力-高低温-宇宙辐射特殊环境下机械臂运动系统的润滑技术等问题.带陪护功能的机器人需要研究在密闭、狭小、失重环境下,航天员生理、心理和行为的变化规律及其机器人构型、陪护效果和辅助作业的要求和解决方案,研究陪护需要的高级人工智能技术,从语音识别、表情识别到自然语义理解等交叉学科的问题.检测维护机器人的关键是发展高低温、空间辐射、真空及微重力下实现固体间的稳定接触技术、干黏附微纳米有序刚毛阵列的制造技术和基于干黏附的机器人设计和运动规划技术.

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