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科学通报  2015 

青藏高原山地灾害和气象灾害风险评估与减灾对策

DOI: 10.1360/N972015-00849, PP. 3067-3077

Keywords: 青藏高原,山地灾害,气象灾害,危险性评估,易损性评估,风险评估,减灾对策

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Abstract:

基于青藏高原与气候变化相关的地表自然灾害(滑坡、泥石流、山洪、干旱、雪灾)的孕灾和成灾特点,遴选出不同类型灾害的危险性评估指标,进行灾害危险性评估;依据对承灾体的危害程度和方式,分别针对山地灾害(滑坡、泥石流、山洪)和气象灾害(干旱和雪灾)进行区域易损性评估;对危险度和易损度评估值进行归一化处理,完成灾害综合风险评估.评估结果表明高度风险区主要位于青藏高原西部和南部边缘地区,占20.55%,包括川西高原和藏东南;中度风险区主要位于青藏高原中南部、中西部以及东北部地区,占30.26%,包括西藏南部、青海北部以及四川西北部地区;低度风险区主要位于青藏高原中部地区,占37.64%,包括西藏中北部与青海西南部地区;微度风险区主要位于青藏高原北部与西北部,占11.55%,包括西藏北部与新疆南部地区.最后,分析了当前防灾减灾存在的问题,并提出相应的减灾对策.

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