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科学通报  2011 

珊瑚共生虫黄藻密度结合卫星遥感分析2007年南沙群岛珊瑚热白化

, PP. 756-764

Keywords: 珊瑚白化,虫黄藻密度,异常高温,南沙群岛,美济礁,渚碧礁

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Abstract:

以珊瑚大量损失共生虫黄藻为特征的珊瑚白化,是当今全球变暖背景下珊瑚礁大面积死亡和退化的主要因素,但白化的特征、过程和白化后的恢复等则因海域环境不同而有所差异.依托2007年6月的南沙群岛航次,在美济礁和渚碧礁进行了实地生态调查和采样,室内分析了珊瑚共生虫黄藻密度、近10年来南沙海域实测海表温度(SST)和调查期间的NOAA卫星遥感资料,探讨了2007年发生在南沙群岛的珊瑚白化事件.研究结果显示(1)白化的珊瑚主要分布在水深5m以内,最大可至20m,至少有35种石珊瑚白化;(2)珊瑚总白化率(单位面积内白化珊瑚个数占总珊瑚个数的比例)为15.6%,发生白化最严重的为枝状杯形珊瑚(白化率为23%)和鹿角珊瑚(白化率为21%),块状滨珊瑚和蜂巢珊瑚的白化率低,没有发现菌珊瑚白化,显示了菌珊瑚对高温有较高的耐受性;(3)白化了的珊瑚损失了共生虫黄藻72%~90%,而肉眼观察未白化的珊瑚也损失了31%~53%的虫黄藻,指示当时南沙群岛的珊瑚正处于白化的初始阶段;(4)调查期间实测月平均SST为30.8℃,为1998年以来最高,结合NOAA卫星的热点(Hotspot)和周热度指数(DHW),认为2007年6月南沙群岛异常高SST是导致美济礁和渚碧礁珊瑚白化的主要原因.本研究还发现,单纯用卫星遥感预警珊瑚白化事件可能会存在低估的现象.

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