1 Liao H, Seinfeld J H. Effects of clouds on direct aerosol radiative forcing of climate. J Geophys Res, 1998, 103: 3781-3788？？
[2]
2 Fouquart Y, Bronnel B, Brognig D, et al. Observation of Saharan aerosols: Results of ECLATS field experiment pat II-broadland radiativecharacteristics of the aerosols and vertical radiative flux divergences. J Clim Appl Meteor, 1987, 26: 38-25？？
[3]
3 Qiujiano A L, Sokolik I N, Toon O B. Radiative heating rates and direct radiative forcing by mineral dust in cloudy atmospheric conditions.J Geophy Res, 105: 12207-12219
[4]
4 Nemesure S, Wagener R, Schwartz S E. Direct shortwave forcing of climate by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol: Sensitivity to particle size,composition, and relative humidity. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 26105-26116？？
[5]
5 Pilinis C, Pandis S N, Seinfeld J H. Sensitivity of direct climate forcing by atmospheric aerosols to aerosol size and composition. J GeophysRes, 1995, 100: 18739-18754
[6]
6 Russell P B, Kinne S A, Bergstrom R W. Aerosol climate effects: Local radiative forcing and column closure experiments. J Geophy Res,1997, 102: 9347-9470
[7]
11 Dickinson R E, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P J, et al. Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR CommunityClimate Model. Boulder: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1986
[8]
13 石广玉. 大气辐射计算的吸收系数分布模式. 大气科学, 1998, 22: 659-676
[9]
14 Zhang L H, Shi G Y. The Impact of relative humidity on the radiative property and radiative forcing of sulfate aerosol. Acta Geol Sin,2001, 15: 465-476
26 Woolword S. Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of mineral dust in the Hadley Center climate model. J Geophys Res,2001, 106: 18155-18166？？
7 Wang H, Shi G Y, Li W, et al. The impacts of optical properties on radiative forcing due to dust aerosol. Adv Atmos Sci, 2006, 23:431-441？？
[16]
8 Redemann J, Turco R P, Liou K N, et al. Case studies of the vertical structure of the direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing duringTARFOX. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105: 9971-9980？？
[17]
9 Gong S L, Barrie L A, Blanchet J P, et al. Canadian Aerosol Module: A size-segregated simulation of atmospheric aerosol processes forclimate and air quality models: 1 Module development. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108: doi: 10.1029/2001JD002002
[18]
10 Gong S L, Zhang X Y, Zhao T L, et al. Characterization of soil dust aerosol in China and its transport and distribution during 2001ACE-Asia: 2. Model simulation and validation. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108: doi: 10.1029/2002JD002633
16 Ma X Y, Guo Y F, Shi G Y, et al. Numerical simulation of global temperature change during the 20th century with the IAP/LASG GOALSModel. Adv Atmos Sci, 2004, 2: 77-85
24 Paltridge G W, Platt C M R. Radiative Processes in Meteorology and Climatology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press, 1976. 1-318
[27]
25 Carlson T N, Benjamin S. Radiative heating rates for Sahara dust. J Atmos Sci, 1980, 37: 193-197？？
[28]
27 Jacobson M Z. Global direct radiative forcing of multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosol. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106:1551-1568？？
[29]
28 Myhre G, Stordal F. Global sensitivity experiments of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols. J Geophy Res, 2001, 106:18193-18204？？
[30]
30 Chen S H, Vandenberghe F, Petty G W, et al. Application of SSM/I satellite data to a hurricane simulation. Q J R Meteorol Soc, 2004, 130:801-825？？
[31]
31 Liao X, Rind D, RossowW B. Comparison between SAGE II and ISCCP high-level clouds, Part II: Locating cloud tops. J Geophys Res,1995b, 100: 1137-1147
